Nerfed icon test

created an icon for fun

.gitignore

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-imgui.ini
-
 #------------------------- Rider -------------------------
 # Source: https://github.com/JetBrains/resharper-rider-samples/blob/master/.gitignore 
 
@@ -451,3 +449,10 @@ FodyWeavers.xsd
 # Built Visual Studio Code Extensions
 *.vsix
 
+#------------------------- Nerfed -------------------------
+
+imgui.ini
+
+# include libs
+!/libs/lib64
+!/libs/x64

.gitmodules

@@ -1,6 +1,15 @@
 [submodule "Libraries/RefreshCS"]
-	path = Nerfed.Runtime/Libraries/RefreshCS/RefreshCS
+	path = Nerfed.Runtime/Libraries/RefreshCS
 	url = https://github.com/MoonsideGames/RefreshCS.git
 [submodule "Libraries/SDL2CS"]
 	path = Nerfed.Runtime/Libraries/SDL2CS
 	url = https://github.com/flibitijibibo/SDL2-CS.git
+[submodule "Nerfed.Runtime/Libraries/FAudio"]
+	path = Nerfed.Runtime/Libraries/FAudio
+	url = https://github.com/FNA-XNA/FAudio.git
+[submodule "Nerfed.Runtime/Libraries/WellspringCS"]
+	path = Nerfed.Runtime/Libraries/WellspringCS
+	url = https://github.com/MoonsideGames/WellspringCS.git
+[submodule "Nerfed.Runtime/Libraries/dav1dfile"]
+	path = Nerfed.Runtime/Libraries/dav1dfile
+	url = https://github.com/MoonsideGames/dav1dfile.git

.idea/.idea.Nerfed/.idea/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Default ignored files
+/shelf/
+/workspace.xml
+# Rider ignored files
+/modules.xml
+/contentModel.xml
+/projectSettingsUpdater.xml
+/.idea.Nerfed.iml
+# Editor-based HTTP Client requests
+/httpRequests/
+# Datasource local storage ignored files
+/dataSources/
+/dataSources.local.xml

.idea/.idea.Nerfed/.idea/encodings.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="Encoding" addBOMForNewFiles="with BOM under Windows, with no BOM otherwise" />
+</project>

.idea/.idea.Nerfed/.idea/indexLayout.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="UserContentModel">
+    <attachedFolders />
+    <explicitIncludes />
+    <explicitExcludes />
+  </component>
+</project>

.idea/.idea.Nerfed/.idea/inspectionProfiles/Project_Default.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<component name="InspectionProjectProfileManager">
+  <profile version="1.0">
+    <option name="myName" value="Project Default" />
+    <inspection_tool class="SpellCheckingInspection" enabled="false" level="TYPO" enabled_by_default="false">
+      <option name="processCode" value="true" />
+      <option name="processLiterals" value="true" />
+      <option name="processComments" value="true" />
+    </inspection_tool>
+  </profile>
+</component>

.idea/.idea.Nerfed/.idea/vcs.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
+    <mapping directory="" vcs="Git" />
+  </component>
+</project>

Nerfed.Runtime/Assert.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime;
+
+public class AssertionException(string msg) : Exception(msg);
+
+public static class Assert
+{
+    [Conditional("DEBUG"), DebuggerHidden]
+    public static void Debug([DoesNotReturnIf(false)] bool cond, [CallerArgumentExpression("cond")] string expression = "") {
+        if (!cond) {
+            throw new AssertionException(expression);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [DebuggerHidden]
+    public static void Always([DoesNotReturnIf(false)] bool cond, [CallerArgumentExpression("cond")] string expression = "") {
+        if (!cond) {
+            throw new AssertionException(expression);
+        }
+    }
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/AudioBuffer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Contains raw audio data in a specified Format. <br/>
+/// Submit this to a SourceVoice to play audio.
+/// </summary>
+public class AudioBuffer : AudioResource
+{
+	IntPtr BufferDataPtr;
+	uint BufferDataLength;
+	private bool OwnsBufferData;
+
+	public Format Format { get; }
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Create a new AudioBuffer.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="ownsBufferData">If true, the buffer data will be destroyed when this AudioBuffer is destroyed.</param>
+	public AudioBuffer(
+		AudioDevice device,
+		Format format,
+		IntPtr bufferPtr,
+		uint bufferLengthInBytes,
+		bool ownsBufferData) : base(device)
+	{
+		Format = format;
+		BufferDataPtr = bufferPtr;
+		BufferDataLength = bufferLengthInBytes;
+		OwnsBufferData = ownsBufferData;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Create another AudioBuffer from this audio buffer.
+	/// It will not own the buffer data.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="offset">Offset in bytes from the top of the original buffer.</param>
+	/// <param name="length">Length in bytes of the new buffer.</param>
+	/// <returns></returns>
+	public AudioBuffer Slice(int offset, uint length)
+	{
+		return new AudioBuffer(Device, Format, BufferDataPtr + offset, length, false);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Create an FAudioBuffer struct from this AudioBuffer.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="loop">Whether we should set the FAudioBuffer to loop.</param>
+	public FAudio.FAudioBuffer ToFAudioBuffer(bool loop = false)
+	{
+		return new FAudio.FAudioBuffer
+		{
+			Flags = FAudio.FAUDIO_END_OF_STREAM,
+			pContext = IntPtr.Zero,
+			pAudioData = BufferDataPtr,
+			AudioBytes = BufferDataLength,
+			PlayBegin = 0,
+			PlayLength = 0,
+			LoopBegin = 0,
+			LoopLength = 0,
+			LoopCount = loop ? FAudio.FAUDIO_LOOP_INFINITE : 0
+		};
+	}
+
+	protected override unsafe void Dispose(bool disposing)
+	{
+		if (!IsDisposed)
+		{
+			if (OwnsBufferData)
+			{
+				NativeMemory.Free((void*) BufferDataPtr);
+			}
+		}
+		base.Dispose(disposing);
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/AudioDataOgg.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Streamable audio in Ogg format.
+/// </summary>
+public class AudioDataOgg : AudioDataStreamable
+{
+	private IntPtr FileDataPtr = IntPtr.Zero;
+	private IntPtr VorbisHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
+
+	private string FilePath;
+
+	public override bool Loaded => VorbisHandle != IntPtr.Zero;
+	public override uint DecodeBufferSize => 32768;
+
+	public AudioDataOgg(AudioDevice device, string filePath) : base(device)
+	{
+		FilePath = filePath;
+
+		IntPtr handle = FAudio.stb_vorbis_open_filename(filePath, out int error, IntPtr.Zero);
+
+		if (error != 0)
+		{
+			throw new InvalidOperationException("Error loading file!");
+		}
+
+		FAudio.stb_vorbis_info info = FAudio.stb_vorbis_get_info(handle);
+
+		Format = new Format
+		{
+			Tag = FormatTag.IEEE_FLOAT,
+			BitsPerSample = 32,
+			Channels = (ushort) info.channels,
+			SampleRate = info.sample_rate
+		};
+
+		FAudio.stb_vorbis_close(handle);
+	}
+
+	public override unsafe void Decode(void* buffer, int bufferLengthInBytes, out int filledLengthInBytes, out bool reachedEnd)
+	{
+		int lengthInFloats = bufferLengthInBytes / sizeof(float);
+
+		/* NOTE: this function returns samples per channel, not total samples */
+		int samples = FAudio.stb_vorbis_get_samples_float_interleaved(
+			VorbisHandle,
+			Format.Channels,
+			(IntPtr) buffer,
+			lengthInFloats
+		);
+
+		int sampleCount = samples * Format.Channels;
+		reachedEnd = sampleCount < lengthInFloats;
+		filledLengthInBytes = sampleCount * sizeof(float);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Prepares the Ogg data for streaming.
+	/// </summary>
+	public override unsafe void Load()
+	{
+		if (!Loaded)
+		{
+			FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(FilePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+			FileDataPtr = (nint) NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) fileStream.Length);
+			Span<byte> fileDataSpan = new Span<byte>((void*) FileDataPtr, (int) fileStream.Length);
+			fileStream.ReadExactly(fileDataSpan);
+			fileStream.Close();
+
+			VorbisHandle = FAudio.stb_vorbis_open_memory(FileDataPtr, fileDataSpan.Length, out int error, IntPtr.Zero);
+			if (error != 0)
+			{
+				NativeMemory.Free((void*) FileDataPtr);
+				Log.Error("Error opening OGG file!");
+				Log.Error("Error: " + error);
+				throw new InvalidOperationException("Error opening OGG file!");
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	public override void Seek(uint sampleFrame)
+	{
+		FAudio.stb_vorbis_seek(VorbisHandle, sampleFrame);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Unloads the Ogg data, freeing resources.
+	/// </summary>
+	public override unsafe void Unload()
+	{
+		if (Loaded)
+		{
+			FAudio.stb_vorbis_close(VorbisHandle);
+			NativeMemory.Free((void*) FileDataPtr);
+
+			VorbisHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
+			FileDataPtr = IntPtr.Zero;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Loads an entire ogg file into an AudioBuffer. Useful for static audio.
+	/// </summary>
+	public static unsafe AudioBuffer CreateBuffer(AudioDevice device, string filePath)
+	{
+		IntPtr filePointer = FAudio.stb_vorbis_open_filename(filePath, out int error, IntPtr.Zero);
+
+		if (error != 0)
+		{
+			throw new InvalidOperationException("Error loading file!");
+		}
+		FAudio.stb_vorbis_info info = FAudio.stb_vorbis_get_info(filePointer);
+		long lengthInFloats =
+			FAudio.stb_vorbis_stream_length_in_samples(filePointer) * info.channels;
+		long lengthInBytes = lengthInFloats * Marshal.SizeOf<float>();
+		void* buffer = NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) lengthInBytes);
+
+		FAudio.stb_vorbis_get_samples_float_interleaved(
+			filePointer,
+			info.channels,
+			(nint) buffer,
+			(int) lengthInFloats
+		);
+
+		FAudio.stb_vorbis_close(filePointer);
+
+		Format format = new Format
+		{
+			Tag = FormatTag.IEEE_FLOAT,
+			BitsPerSample = 32,
+			Channels = (ushort) info.channels,
+			SampleRate = info.sample_rate
+		};
+
+		return new AudioBuffer(
+			device,
+			format,
+			(nint) buffer,
+			(uint) lengthInBytes,
+			true);
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/AudioDataQoa.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Streamable audio in QOA format.
+/// </summary>
+public class AudioDataQoa : AudioDataStreamable
+{
+	private IntPtr QoaHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
+	private IntPtr FileDataPtr = IntPtr.Zero;
+
+	private string FilePath;
+
+	private const uint QOA_MAGIC = 0x716f6166; /* 'qoaf' */
+
+	public override bool Loaded => QoaHandle != IntPtr.Zero;
+
+	private uint decodeBufferSize;
+	public override uint DecodeBufferSize => decodeBufferSize;
+
+	public AudioDataQoa(AudioDevice device, string filePath) : base(device)
+	{
+		FilePath = filePath;
+
+		using FileStream stream = new FileStream(FilePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+		using BinaryReader reader = new BinaryReader(stream);
+
+		UInt64 fileHeader = ReverseEndianness(reader.ReadUInt64());
+		if ((fileHeader >> 32) != QOA_MAGIC)
+		{
+			throw new InvalidOperationException("Specified file is not a QOA file.");
+		}
+
+		uint totalSamplesPerChannel = (uint) (fileHeader & (0xFFFFFFFF));
+		if (totalSamplesPerChannel == 0)
+		{
+			throw new InvalidOperationException("Specified file is not a valid QOA file.");
+		}
+
+		UInt64 frameHeader = ReverseEndianness(reader.ReadUInt64());
+		uint channels = (uint) ((frameHeader >> 56) & 0x0000FF);
+		uint samplerate = (uint) ((frameHeader >> 32) & 0xFFFFFF);
+		uint samplesPerChannelPerFrame = (uint) ((frameHeader >> 16) & 0x00FFFF);
+
+		Format = new Format
+		{
+			Tag = FormatTag.PCM,
+			BitsPerSample = 16,
+			Channels = (ushort) channels,
+			SampleRate = samplerate
+		};
+
+		decodeBufferSize = channels * samplesPerChannelPerFrame * sizeof(short);
+	}
+
+	public override unsafe void Decode(void* buffer, int bufferLengthInBytes, out int filledLengthInBytes, out bool reachedEnd)
+	{
+		int lengthInShorts = bufferLengthInBytes / sizeof(short);
+
+		// NOTE: this function returns samples per channel!
+		uint samples = FAudio.qoa_decode_next_frame(QoaHandle, (short*) buffer);
+
+		uint sampleCount = samples * Format.Channels;
+		reachedEnd = sampleCount < lengthInShorts;
+		filledLengthInBytes = (int) (sampleCount * sizeof(short));
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Prepares qoa data for streaming.
+	/// </summary>
+	public override unsafe void Load()
+	{
+		if (!Loaded)
+		{
+			FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(FilePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+			FileDataPtr = (nint) NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) fileStream.Length);
+			Span<byte> fileDataSpan = new Span<byte>((void*) FileDataPtr, (int) fileStream.Length);
+			fileStream.ReadExactly(fileDataSpan);
+			fileStream.Close();
+
+			QoaHandle = FAudio.qoa_open_from_memory((char*) FileDataPtr, (uint) fileDataSpan.Length, 0);
+			if (QoaHandle == IntPtr.Zero)
+			{
+				NativeMemory.Free((void*) FileDataPtr);
+				Log.Error("Error opening QOA file!");
+				throw new InvalidOperationException("Error opening QOA file!");
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	public override void Seek(uint sampleFrame)
+	{
+		FAudio.qoa_seek_frame(QoaHandle, (int) sampleFrame);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Unloads the qoa data, freeing resources.
+	/// </summary>
+	public override unsafe void Unload()
+	{
+		if (Loaded)
+		{
+			FAudio.qoa_close(QoaHandle);
+			NativeMemory.Free((void*) FileDataPtr);
+
+			QoaHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
+			FileDataPtr = IntPtr.Zero;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Loads the entire qoa file into an AudioBuffer. Useful for static audio.
+	/// </summary>
+	public unsafe static AudioBuffer CreateBuffer(AudioDevice device, string filePath)
+	{
+		using FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+		void* fileDataPtr = NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) fileStream.Length);
+		Span<byte> fileDataSpan = new Span<byte>(fileDataPtr, (int) fileStream.Length);
+		fileStream.ReadExactly(fileDataSpan);
+		fileStream.Close();
+
+		IntPtr qoaHandle = FAudio.qoa_open_from_memory((char*) fileDataPtr, (uint) fileDataSpan.Length, 0);
+		if (qoaHandle == 0)
+		{
+			NativeMemory.Free(fileDataPtr);
+			Log.Error("Error opening QOA file!");
+			throw new InvalidOperationException("Error opening QOA file!");
+		}
+
+		FAudio.qoa_attributes(qoaHandle, out uint channels, out uint samplerate, out uint samples_per_channel_per_frame, out uint total_samples_per_channel);
+
+		uint bufferLengthInBytes = total_samples_per_channel * channels * sizeof(short);
+		void* buffer = NativeMemory.Alloc(bufferLengthInBytes);
+		FAudio.qoa_decode_entire(qoaHandle, (short*) buffer);
+
+		FAudio.qoa_close(qoaHandle);
+		NativeMemory.Free(fileDataPtr);
+
+		Format format = new Format
+		{
+			Tag = FormatTag.PCM,
+			BitsPerSample = 16,
+			Channels = (ushort) channels,
+			SampleRate = samplerate
+		};
+
+		return new AudioBuffer(device, format, (nint) buffer, bufferLengthInBytes, true);
+	}
+
+	private static unsafe UInt64 ReverseEndianness(UInt64 value)
+	{
+		byte* bytes = (byte*) &value;
+
+		return
+			((UInt64)(bytes[0]) << 56) | ((UInt64)(bytes[1]) << 48) |
+			((UInt64)(bytes[2]) << 40) | ((UInt64)(bytes[3]) << 32) |
+			((UInt64)(bytes[4]) << 24) | ((UInt64)(bytes[5]) << 16) |
+			((UInt64)(bytes[6]) <<  8) | ((UInt64)(bytes[7]) <<  0);
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/AudioDataStreamable.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Use this in conjunction with a StreamingVoice to play back streaming audio data.
+/// </summary>
+public abstract class AudioDataStreamable : AudioResource
+{
+	public Format Format { get; protected set; }
+	public abstract bool Loaded { get; }
+	public abstract uint DecodeBufferSize { get; }
+
+	protected AudioDataStreamable(AudioDevice device) : base(device)
+	{
+		}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Loads the raw audio data into memory to prepare it for stream decoding.
+	/// </summary>
+	public abstract void Load();
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Unloads the raw audio data from memory.
+	/// </summary>
+	public abstract void Unload();
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Seeks to the given sample frame.
+	/// </summary>
+	public abstract void Seek(uint sampleFrame);
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Attempts to decodes data of length bufferLengthInBytes into the provided buffer.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="buffer">The buffer that decoded bytes will be placed into.</param>
+	/// <param name="bufferLengthInBytes">Requested length of decoded audio data.</param>
+	/// <param name="filledLengthInBytes">How much data was actually filled in by the decode.</param>
+	/// <param name="reachedEnd">Whether the end of the data was reached on this decode.</param>
+	public abstract unsafe void Decode(void* buffer, int bufferLengthInBytes, out int filledLengthInBytes, out bool reachedEnd);
+
+	protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
+	{
+			if (!IsDisposed)
+			{
+				Unload();
+			}
+			base.Dispose(disposing);
+		}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/AudioDataWav.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+public static class AudioDataWav
+{
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Create an AudioBuffer containing all the WAV audio data in a file.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns></returns>
+	public unsafe static AudioBuffer CreateBuffer(AudioDevice device, string filePath)
+	{
+			// mostly borrowed from https://github.com/FNA-XNA/FNA/blob/b71b4a35ae59970ff0070dea6f8620856d8d4fec/src/Audio/SoundEffect.cs#L385
+
+			// WaveFormatEx data
+			ushort wFormatTag;
+			ushort nChannels;
+			uint nSamplesPerSec;
+			uint nAvgBytesPerSec;
+			ushort nBlockAlign;
+			ushort wBitsPerSample;
+
+			using FileStream stream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+			using BinaryReader reader = new BinaryReader(stream);
+
+			// RIFF Signature
+			string signature = new string(reader.ReadChars(4));
+			if (signature != "RIFF")
+			{
+				throw new NotSupportedException("Specified stream is not a wave file.");
+			}
+
+			reader.ReadUInt32(); // Riff Chunk Size
+
+			string wformat = new string(reader.ReadChars(4));
+			if (wformat != "WAVE")
+			{
+				throw new NotSupportedException("Specified stream is not a wave file.");
+			}
+
+			// WAVE Header
+			string format_signature = new string(reader.ReadChars(4));
+			while (format_signature != "fmt ")
+			{
+				reader.ReadBytes(reader.ReadInt32());
+				format_signature = new string(reader.ReadChars(4));
+			}
+
+			int format_chunk_size = reader.ReadInt32();
+
+			wFormatTag = reader.ReadUInt16();
+			nChannels = reader.ReadUInt16();
+			nSamplesPerSec = reader.ReadUInt32();
+			nAvgBytesPerSec = reader.ReadUInt32();
+			nBlockAlign = reader.ReadUInt16();
+			wBitsPerSample = reader.ReadUInt16();
+
+			// Reads residual bytes
+			if (format_chunk_size > 16)
+			{
+				reader.ReadBytes(format_chunk_size - 16);
+			}
+
+			// data Signature
+			string data_signature = new string(reader.ReadChars(4));
+			while (data_signature.ToLowerInvariant() != "data")
+			{
+				reader.ReadBytes(reader.ReadInt32());
+				data_signature = new string(reader.ReadChars(4));
+			}
+			if (data_signature != "data")
+			{
+				throw new NotSupportedException("Specified wave file is not supported.");
+			}
+
+			int waveDataLength = reader.ReadInt32();
+			void* waveDataBuffer = NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) waveDataLength);
+			Span<byte> waveDataSpan = new Span<byte>(waveDataBuffer, waveDataLength);
+			stream.ReadExactly(waveDataSpan);
+
+			Format format = new Format
+			{
+				Tag = (FormatTag) wFormatTag,
+				BitsPerSample = wBitsPerSample,
+				Channels = nChannels,
+				SampleRate = nSamplesPerSec
+			};
+
+			return new AudioBuffer(
+				device,
+				format,
+				(nint) waveDataBuffer,
+				(uint) waveDataLength,
+				true
+			);
+		}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/AudioDevice.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// AudioDevice manages all audio-related concerns.
+/// </summary>
+public class AudioDevice : IDisposable
+{
+	public IntPtr Handle { get; }
+	public byte[] Handle3D { get; }
+	public FAudio.FAudioDeviceDetails DeviceDetails { get; }
+
+	private IntPtr trueMasteringVoice;
+
+	// this is a fun little trick where we use a submix voice as a "faux" mastering voice
+	// this lets us maintain API consistency for effects like panning and reverb
+	private SubmixVoice fauxMasteringVoice;
+	public SubmixVoice MasteringVoice => fauxMasteringVoice;
+
+	public float CurveDistanceScalar = 1f;
+	public float DopplerScale = 1f;
+	public float SpeedOfSound = 343.5f;
+
+	private readonly HashSet<GCHandle> resourceHandles = new HashSet<GCHandle>();
+	private readonly HashSet<UpdatingSourceVoice> updatingSourceVoices = new HashSet<UpdatingSourceVoice>();
+
+	private SourceVoicePool VoicePool;
+	private List<SourceVoice> VoicesToReturn = new List<SourceVoice>();
+
+	private const int Step = 200;
+	private TimeSpan UpdateInterval;
+	private System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch TickStopwatch = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
+	private long previousTickTime;
+	private Thread Thread;
+	private AutoResetEvent WakeSignal;
+	internal readonly object StateLock = new object();
+
+	private bool Running;
+	public bool IsDisposed { get; private set; }
+
+	internal unsafe AudioDevice()
+	{
+			UpdateInterval = TimeSpan.FromTicks(TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond / Step);
+
+			FAudio.FAudioCreate(out IntPtr handle, 0, FAudio.FAUDIO_DEFAULT_PROCESSOR);
+			Handle = handle;
+
+			/* Find a suitable device */
+
+			FAudio.FAudio_GetDeviceCount(Handle, out uint devices);
+
+			if (devices == 0)
+			{
+				Log.Error("No audio devices found!");
+				FAudio.FAudio_Release(Handle);
+				Handle = IntPtr.Zero;
+				return;
+			}
+
+			FAudio.FAudioDeviceDetails deviceDetails;
+
+			uint i = 0;
+			for (i = 0; i < devices; i++)
+			{
+				FAudio.FAudio_GetDeviceDetails(
+					Handle,
+					i,
+					out deviceDetails
+				);
+				if ((deviceDetails.Role & FAudio.FAudioDeviceRole.FAudioDefaultGameDevice) == FAudio.FAudioDeviceRole.FAudioDefaultGameDevice)
+				{
+					DeviceDetails = deviceDetails;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (i == devices)
+			{
+				i = 0; /* whatever we'll just use the first one I guess */
+				FAudio.FAudio_GetDeviceDetails(
+					Handle,
+					i,
+					out deviceDetails
+				);
+				DeviceDetails = deviceDetails;
+			}
+
+			/* Init Mastering Voice */
+			uint result = FAudio.FAudio_CreateMasteringVoice(
+				Handle,
+				out trueMasteringVoice,
+				FAudio.FAUDIO_DEFAULT_CHANNELS,
+				FAudio.FAUDIO_DEFAULT_SAMPLERATE,
+				0,
+				i,
+				IntPtr.Zero
+			);
+
+			if (result != 0)
+			{
+				Log.Error("Failed to create a mastering voice!");
+				Log.Error("Audio device creation failed!");
+				return;
+			}
+
+			fauxMasteringVoice = SubmixVoice.CreateFauxMasteringVoice(this);
+
+			/* Init 3D Audio */
+
+			Handle3D = new byte[FAudio.F3DAUDIO_HANDLE_BYTESIZE];
+			FAudio.F3DAudioInitialize(
+				DeviceDetails.OutputFormat.dwChannelMask,
+				SpeedOfSound,
+				Handle3D
+			);
+
+			VoicePool = new SourceVoicePool(this);
+
+			WakeSignal = new AutoResetEvent(true);
+
+			Thread = new Thread(ThreadMain);
+			Thread.IsBackground = true;
+			Thread.Start();
+
+			Running = true;
+
+			TickStopwatch.Start();
+			previousTickTime = 0;
+		}
+
+	private void ThreadMain()
+	{
+			while (Running)
+			{
+				lock (StateLock)
+				{
+					try
+					{
+						ThreadMainTick();
+					}
+					catch (Exception e)
+					{
+						Log.Error(e.ToString());
+					}
+				}
+
+				WakeSignal.WaitOne(UpdateInterval);
+			}
+		}
+
+	private void ThreadMainTick()
+	{
+			previousTickTime = TickStopwatch.Elapsed.Ticks;
+			foreach (UpdatingSourceVoice voice in updatingSourceVoices)
+			{
+				voice.Update();
+			}
+
+			foreach (SourceVoice voice in VoicesToReturn)
+			{
+				if (voice is UpdatingSourceVoice updatingSourceVoice)
+				{
+					updatingSourceVoices.Remove(updatingSourceVoice);
+				}
+
+				voice.Reset();
+				VoicePool.Return(voice);
+			}
+
+			VoicesToReturn.Clear();
+		}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Triggers all pending operations with the given syncGroup value.
+	/// </summary>
+	public void TriggerSyncGroup(uint syncGroup)
+	{
+			FAudio.FAudio_CommitChanges(Handle, syncGroup);
+		}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Obtains an appropriate source voice from the voice pool.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="format">The format that the voice must match.</param>
+	/// <returns>A source voice with the given format.</returns>
+	public T Obtain<T>(Format format) where T : SourceVoice, IPoolable<T>
+	{
+			lock (StateLock)
+			{
+				T voice = VoicePool.Obtain<T>(format);
+
+				if (voice is UpdatingSourceVoice updatingSourceVoice)
+				{
+					updatingSourceVoices.Add(updatingSourceVoice);
+				}
+
+				return voice;
+			}
+		}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Returns the source voice to the voice pool.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="voice"></param>
+	internal void Return(SourceVoice voice)
+	{
+			lock (StateLock)
+			{
+				VoicesToReturn.Add(voice);
+			}
+		}
+
+	internal void WakeThread()
+	{
+			WakeSignal.Set();
+		}
+
+	internal void AddResourceReference(GCHandle resourceReference)
+	{
+			lock (StateLock)
+			{
+				resourceHandles.Add(resourceReference);
+
+				if (resourceReference.Target is UpdatingSourceVoice updatableVoice)
+				{
+					updatingSourceVoices.Add(updatableVoice);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+	internal void RemoveResourceReference(GCHandle resourceReference)
+	{
+			lock (StateLock)
+			{
+				resourceHandles.Remove(resourceReference);
+
+				if (resourceReference.Target is UpdatingSourceVoice updatableVoice)
+				{
+					updatingSourceVoices.Remove(updatableVoice);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+	protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+	{
+			if (!IsDisposed)
+			{
+				Running = false;
+
+				if (disposing)
+				{
+					Thread.Join();
+
+					// dispose all source voices first
+					foreach (GCHandle handle in resourceHandles)
+					{
+						if (handle.Target is SourceVoice voice)
+						{
+							voice.Dispose();
+						}
+					}
+
+					// dispose all submix voices except the faux mastering voice
+					foreach (GCHandle handle in resourceHandles)
+					{
+						if (handle.Target is SubmixVoice voice && voice != fauxMasteringVoice)
+						{
+							voice.Dispose();
+						}
+					}
+
+					// dispose the faux mastering voice
+					fauxMasteringVoice.Dispose();
+
+					// dispose the true mastering voice
+					FAudio.FAudioVoice_DestroyVoice(trueMasteringVoice);
+
+					// destroy all other audio resources
+					foreach (GCHandle handle in resourceHandles)
+					{
+						if (handle.Target is AudioResource resource)
+						{
+							resource.Dispose();
+						}
+					}
+
+					resourceHandles.Clear();
+				}
+
+				FAudio.FAudio_Release(Handle);
+
+				IsDisposed = true;
+			}
+		}
+
+	~AudioDevice()
+	{
+			// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+			Dispose(disposing: false);
+		}
+
+	public void Dispose()
+	{
+			// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+			Dispose(disposing: true);
+			GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+		}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/AudioEmitter.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// An emitter for 3D spatial audio.
+/// </summary>
+public class AudioEmitter : AudioResource
+{
+	internal FAudio.F3DAUDIO_EMITTER emitterData;
+
+	public float DopplerScale
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return emitterData.DopplerScaler;
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			if (value < 0.0f)
+			{
+				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("AudioEmitter.DopplerScale must be greater than or equal to 0.0f");
+			}
+			emitterData.DopplerScaler = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public Vector3 Forward
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return new Vector3(
+				emitterData.OrientFront.x,
+				emitterData.OrientFront.y,
+				-emitterData.OrientFront.z
+			);
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			emitterData.OrientFront.x = value.X;
+			emitterData.OrientFront.y = value.Y;
+			emitterData.OrientFront.z = -value.Z;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public Vector3 Position
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return new Vector3(
+				emitterData.Position.x,
+				emitterData.Position.y,
+				-emitterData.Position.z
+			);
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			emitterData.Position.x = value.X;
+			emitterData.Position.y = value.Y;
+			emitterData.Position.z = -value.Z;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	public Vector3 Up
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return new Vector3(
+				emitterData.OrientTop.x,
+				emitterData.OrientTop.y,
+				-emitterData.OrientTop.z
+			);
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			emitterData.OrientTop.x = value.X;
+			emitterData.OrientTop.y = value.Y;
+			emitterData.OrientTop.z = -value.Z;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public Vector3 Velocity
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return new Vector3(
+				emitterData.Velocity.x,
+				emitterData.Velocity.y,
+				-emitterData.Velocity.z
+			);
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			emitterData.Velocity.x = value.X;
+			emitterData.Velocity.y = value.Y;
+			emitterData.Velocity.z = -value.Z;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private static readonly float[] stereoAzimuth = new float[]
+	{
+		0.0f, 0.0f
+	};
+
+	private static readonly GCHandle stereoAzimuthHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(
+		stereoAzimuth,
+		GCHandleType.Pinned
+	);
+
+	public AudioEmitter(AudioDevice device) : base(device)
+	{
+		emitterData = new FAudio.F3DAUDIO_EMITTER();
+
+		DopplerScale = 1f;
+		Forward = Vector3.UnitZ;
+		Position = Vector3.Zero;
+		Up = Vector3.UnitY;
+		Velocity = Vector3.Zero;
+
+		/* Unexposed variables, defaults based on XNA behavior */
+		emitterData.pCone = IntPtr.Zero;
+		emitterData.ChannelCount = 1;
+		emitterData.ChannelRadius = 1.0f;
+		emitterData.pChannelAzimuths = stereoAzimuthHandle.AddrOfPinnedObject();
+		emitterData.pVolumeCurve = IntPtr.Zero;
+		emitterData.pLFECurve = IntPtr.Zero;
+		emitterData.pLPFDirectCurve = IntPtr.Zero;
+		emitterData.pLPFReverbCurve = IntPtr.Zero;
+		emitterData.pReverbCurve = IntPtr.Zero;
+		emitterData.CurveDistanceScaler = 1.0f;
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/AudioListener.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A listener for 3D spatial audio. Usually attached to a camera.
+/// </summary>
+public class AudioListener : AudioResource
+{
+	internal FAudio.F3DAUDIO_LISTENER listenerData;
+
+	public Vector3 Forward
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return new Vector3(
+				listenerData.OrientFront.x,
+				listenerData.OrientFront.y,
+				-listenerData.OrientFront.z
+			);
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			listenerData.OrientFront.x = value.X;
+			listenerData.OrientFront.y = value.Y;
+			listenerData.OrientFront.z = -value.Z;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public Vector3 Position
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return new Vector3(
+				listenerData.Position.x,
+				listenerData.Position.y,
+				-listenerData.Position.z
+			);
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			listenerData.Position.x = value.X;
+			listenerData.Position.y = value.Y;
+			listenerData.Position.z = -value.Z;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	public Vector3 Up
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return new Vector3(
+				listenerData.OrientTop.x,
+				listenerData.OrientTop.y,
+				-listenerData.OrientTop.z
+			);
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			listenerData.OrientTop.x = value.X;
+			listenerData.OrientTop.y = value.Y;
+			listenerData.OrientTop.z = -value.Z;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public Vector3 Velocity
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return new Vector3(
+				listenerData.Velocity.x,
+				listenerData.Velocity.y,
+				-listenerData.Velocity.z
+			);
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			listenerData.Velocity.x = value.X;
+			listenerData.Velocity.y = value.Y;
+			listenerData.Velocity.z = -value.Z;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public AudioListener(AudioDevice device) : base(device)
+	{
+		listenerData = new FAudio.F3DAUDIO_LISTENER();
+		Forward = Vector3.UnitZ;
+		Position = Vector3.Zero;
+		Up = Vector3.UnitY;
+		Velocity = Vector3.Zero;
+
+		/* Unexposed variables, defaults based on XNA behavior */
+		listenerData.pCone = IntPtr.Zero;
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/AudioResource.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+public abstract class AudioResource : IDisposable
+{
+	public AudioDevice Device { get; }
+
+	public bool IsDisposed { get; private set; }
+
+	private GCHandle SelfReference;
+
+	protected AudioResource(AudioDevice device)
+	{
+			Device = device;
+
+			SelfReference = GCHandle.Alloc(this, GCHandleType.Weak);
+			Device.AddResourceReference(SelfReference);
+		}
+
+	protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+	{
+			if (!IsDisposed)
+			{
+				if (disposing)
+				{
+					Device.RemoveResourceReference(SelfReference);
+					SelfReference.Free();
+				}
+
+				IsDisposed = true;
+			}
+		}
+
+	~AudioResource()
+	{
+#if DEBUG
+		// If you see this log message, you leaked an audio resource without disposing it!
+		// We can't clean it up for you because this can cause catastrophic issues.
+		// You should really fix this when it happens.
+		Log.Warning($"A resource of type {GetType().Name} was not Disposed.");
+#endif
+	}
+
+	public void Dispose()
+	{
+			// Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+			Dispose(disposing: true);
+			GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+		}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/FilterType.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+public enum FilterType
+{
+	None,
+	LowPass,
+	BandPass,
+	HighPass
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/Format.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+public enum FormatTag : ushort
+{
+	Unknown = 0,
+	PCM = 1,
+	MSADPCM = 2,
+	IEEE_FLOAT = 3
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Describes the format of audio data. Usually specified in an audio file's header information.
+/// </summary>
+public record struct Format
+{
+	public FormatTag Tag;
+	public ushort Channels;
+	public uint SampleRate;
+	public ushort BitsPerSample;
+
+	internal FAudio.FAudioWaveFormatEx ToFAudioFormat()
+	{
+		ushort blockAlign = (ushort) ((BitsPerSample / 8) * Channels);
+
+		return new FAudio.FAudioWaveFormatEx
+		{
+			wFormatTag = (ushort) Tag,
+			nChannels = Channels,
+			nSamplesPerSec = SampleRate,
+			wBitsPerSample = BitsPerSample,
+			nBlockAlign = blockAlign,
+			nAvgBytesPerSec = blockAlign * SampleRate
+		};
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/IPoolable.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+public interface IPoolable<T>
+{
+	static abstract T Create(AudioDevice device, Format format);
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/PersistentVoice.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// PersistentVoice should be used when you need to maintain a long-term reference to a source voice.
+/// </summary>
+public class PersistentVoice : SourceVoice, IPoolable<PersistentVoice>
+{
+	public PersistentVoice(AudioDevice device, Format format) : base(device, format)
+	{
+		}
+
+	public static PersistentVoice Create(AudioDevice device, Format format)
+	{
+			return new PersistentVoice(device, format);
+		}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Adds an AudioBuffer to the voice queue.
+	/// The voice processes and plays back the buffers in its queue in the order that they were submitted.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="buffer">The buffer to submit to the voice.</param>
+	/// <param name="loop">Whether the voice should loop this buffer.</param>
+	public void Submit(AudioBuffer buffer, bool loop = false)
+	{
+			Submit(buffer.ToFAudioBuffer(loop));
+		}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/ReverbEffect.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Use this in conjunction with SourceVoice.SetReverbEffectChain to add reverb to a voice.
+/// </summary>
+public unsafe class ReverbEffect : SubmixVoice
+{
+	// Defaults based on FAUDIOFX_I3DL2_PRESET_GENERIC
+	public static FAudio.FAudioFXReverbParameters DefaultParams = new FAudio.FAudioFXReverbParameters
+	{
+		WetDryMix = 100.0f,
+		ReflectionsDelay = 7,
+		ReverbDelay = 11,
+		RearDelay = FAudio.FAUDIOFX_REVERB_DEFAULT_REAR_DELAY,
+		PositionLeft = FAudio.FAUDIOFX_REVERB_DEFAULT_POSITION,
+		PositionRight = FAudio.FAUDIOFX_REVERB_DEFAULT_POSITION,
+		PositionMatrixLeft = FAudio.FAUDIOFX_REVERB_DEFAULT_POSITION_MATRIX,
+		PositionMatrixRight = FAudio.FAUDIOFX_REVERB_DEFAULT_POSITION_MATRIX,
+		EarlyDiffusion = 15,
+		LateDiffusion = 15,
+		LowEQGain = 8,
+		LowEQCutoff = 4,
+		HighEQGain = 8,
+		HighEQCutoff = 6,
+		RoomFilterFreq = 5000f,
+		RoomFilterMain = -10f,
+		RoomFilterHF = -1f,
+		ReflectionsGain = -26.0200005f,
+		ReverbGain = 10.0f,
+		DecayTime = 1.49000001f,
+		Density = 100.0f,
+		RoomSize = FAudio.FAUDIOFX_REVERB_DEFAULT_ROOM_SIZE
+	};
+
+	public FAudio.FAudioFXReverbParameters Params { get; private set; }
+
+	public ReverbEffect(AudioDevice audioDevice, uint processingStage) : base(audioDevice, 1, audioDevice.DeviceDetails.OutputFormat.Format.nSamplesPerSec, processingStage)
+	{
+		/* Init reverb */
+		IntPtr reverb;
+		FAudio.FAudioCreateReverb(out reverb, 0);
+
+		FAudio.FAudioEffectChain chain = new FAudio.FAudioEffectChain();
+		FAudio.FAudioEffectDescriptor descriptor = new FAudio.FAudioEffectDescriptor
+		{
+			InitialState = 1,
+			OutputChannels = 1,
+			pEffect = reverb
+		};
+
+		chain.EffectCount = 1;
+		chain.pEffectDescriptors = (nint) (&descriptor);
+
+		FAudio.FAudioVoice_SetEffectChain(
+			Handle,
+			ref chain
+		);
+
+		FAudio.FAPOBase_Release(reverb);
+
+		SetParams(DefaultParams);
+	}
+
+	public void SetParams(in FAudio.FAudioFXReverbParameters reverbParams)
+	{
+		Params = reverbParams;
+
+		fixed (FAudio.FAudioFXReverbParameters* reverbParamsPtr = &reverbParams)
+		{
+			FAudio.FAudioVoice_SetEffectParameters(
+				Handle,
+				0,
+				(nint) reverbParamsPtr,
+				(uint) Marshal.SizeOf<FAudio.FAudioFXReverbParameters>(),
+				0
+			);
+		}
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/SoundSequence.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Plays back a series of AudioBuffers in sequence. Set the OnSoundNeeded callback to add AudioBuffers dynamically.
+/// </summary>
+public class SoundSequence : UpdatingSourceVoice, IPoolable<SoundSequence>
+{
+	public int NeedSoundThreshold = 0;
+	public delegate void OnSoundNeededFunc();
+	public OnSoundNeededFunc OnSoundNeeded;
+
+	public SoundSequence(AudioDevice device, Format format) : base(device, format)
+	{
+
+		}
+
+	public SoundSequence(AudioDevice device, AudioBuffer templateSound) : base(device, templateSound.Format)
+	{
+
+		}
+
+	public static SoundSequence Create(AudioDevice device, Format format)
+	{
+			return new SoundSequence(device, format);
+		}
+
+	public override void Update()
+	{
+			lock (StateLock)
+			{
+				if (State != SoundState.Playing) { return; }
+
+				if (NeedSoundThreshold > 0)
+				{
+					int buffersNeeded = NeedSoundThreshold - (int) BuffersQueued;
+
+					for (int i = 0; i < buffersNeeded; i += 1)
+					{
+						if (OnSoundNeeded != null)
+						{
+							OnSoundNeeded();
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+	public void EnqueueSound(AudioBuffer buffer)
+	{
+#if DEBUG
+		if (!(buffer.Format == Format))
+		{
+			Log.Warning("Sound sequence audio format mismatch!");
+			return;
+		}
+#endif
+
+		lock (StateLock)
+		{
+			Submit(buffer.ToFAudioBuffer());
+		}
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/SoundState.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+public enum SoundState
+{
+	Playing,
+	Paused,
+	Stopped
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/SourceVoice.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Emits audio from submitted audio buffers.
+/// </summary>
+public abstract class SourceVoice : Voice
+{
+	private Format format;
+	public Format Format => format;
+
+	protected bool PlaybackInitiated;
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// The number of buffers queued in the voice.
+	/// This includes the currently playing voice!
+	/// </summary>
+	public uint BuffersQueued
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			FAudio.FAudioSourceVoice_GetState(
+				Handle,
+				out FAudio.FAudioVoiceState state,
+				FAudio.FAUDIO_VOICE_NOSAMPLESPLAYED
+			);
+
+			return state.BuffersQueued;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private SoundState state = SoundState.Stopped;
+	public SoundState State
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			if (BuffersQueued == 0)
+			{
+				Stop();
+			}
+
+			return state;
+		}
+
+		internal set
+		{
+			state = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected object StateLock = new object();
+
+	public SourceVoice(
+		AudioDevice device,
+		Format format
+	) : base(device, format.Channels, device.DeviceDetails.OutputFormat.Format.nChannels)
+	{
+		this.format = format;
+		FAudio.FAudioWaveFormatEx fAudioFormat = format.ToFAudioFormat();
+
+		FAudio.FAudio_CreateSourceVoice(
+			device.Handle,
+			out handle,
+			ref fAudioFormat,
+			FAudio.FAUDIO_VOICE_USEFILTER,
+			FAudio.FAUDIO_DEFAULT_FREQ_RATIO,
+			IntPtr.Zero,
+			IntPtr.Zero, // default sends to mastering voice!
+			IntPtr.Zero
+		);
+
+		SetOutputVoice(device.MasteringVoice);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Starts consumption and processing of audio by the voice.
+	/// Delivers the result to any connected submix or mastering voice.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="syncGroup">Optional. Denotes that the operation will be pending until AudioDevice.TriggerSyncGroup is called.</param>
+	public void Play(uint syncGroup = FAudio.FAUDIO_COMMIT_NOW)
+	{
+		lock (StateLock)
+		{
+			FAudio.FAudioSourceVoice_Start(Handle, 0, syncGroup);
+
+			State = SoundState.Playing;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Pauses playback.
+	/// All source buffers that are queued on the voice and the current cursor position are preserved.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="syncGroup">Optional. Denotes that the operation will be pending until AudioDevice.TriggerSyncGroup is called.</param>
+	public void Pause(uint syncGroup = FAudio.FAUDIO_COMMIT_NOW)
+	{
+		lock (StateLock)
+		{
+			FAudio.FAudioSourceVoice_Stop(Handle, 0, syncGroup);
+
+			State = SoundState.Paused;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Stops looping the voice when it reaches the end of the current loop region.
+	/// If the cursor for the voice is not in a loop region, ExitLoop does nothing.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="syncGroup">Optional. Denotes that the operation will be pending until AudioDevice.TriggerSyncGroup is called.</param>
+	public void ExitLoop(uint syncGroup = FAudio.FAUDIO_COMMIT_NOW)
+	{
+		lock (StateLock)
+		{
+			FAudio.FAudioSourceVoice_ExitLoop(Handle, syncGroup);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Stops playback and removes all pending audio buffers from the voice queue.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="syncGroup">Optional. Denotes that the operation will be pending until AudioDevice.TriggerSyncGroup is called.</param>
+	public void Stop(uint syncGroup = FAudio.FAUDIO_COMMIT_NOW)
+	{
+		lock (StateLock)
+		{
+			FAudio.FAudioSourceVoice_Stop(Handle, 0, syncGroup);
+			FAudio.FAudioSourceVoice_FlushSourceBuffers(Handle);
+
+			State = SoundState.Stopped;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Adds an AudioBuffer to the voice queue.
+	/// The voice processes and plays back the buffers in its queue in the order that they were submitted.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="buffer">The buffer to submit to the voice.</param>
+	public void Submit(AudioBuffer buffer)
+	{
+		Submit(buffer.ToFAudioBuffer());
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Calculates positional sound. This must be called continuously to update positional sound.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="listener"></param>
+	/// <param name="emitter"></param>
+	public unsafe void Apply3D(AudioListener listener, AudioEmitter emitter)
+	{
+		Is3D = true;
+
+		emitter.emitterData.CurveDistanceScaler = Device.CurveDistanceScalar;
+		emitter.emitterData.ChannelCount = SourceChannelCount;
+
+		FAudio.F3DAUDIO_DSP_SETTINGS dspSettings = new FAudio.F3DAUDIO_DSP_SETTINGS
+		{
+			DopplerFactor = DopplerFactor,
+			SrcChannelCount = SourceChannelCount,
+			DstChannelCount = DestinationChannelCount,
+			pMatrixCoefficients = (nint) pMatrixCoefficients
+		};
+
+		FAudio.F3DAudioCalculate(
+			Device.Handle3D,
+			ref listener.listenerData,
+			ref emitter.emitterData,
+			FAudio.F3DAUDIO_CALCULATE_MATRIX | FAudio.F3DAUDIO_CALCULATE_DOPPLER,
+			ref dspSettings
+		);
+
+		UpdatePitch();
+
+		FAudio.FAudioVoice_SetOutputMatrix(
+			Handle,
+			OutputVoice.Handle,
+			SourceChannelCount,
+			DestinationChannelCount,
+			(nint) pMatrixCoefficients,
+			0
+		);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Specifies that this source voice can be returned to the voice pool.
+	/// Holding on to the reference after calling this will cause problems!
+	/// </summary>
+	public void Return()
+	{
+		Stop();
+		Device.Return(this);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Adds an FAudio buffer to the voice queue.
+	/// The voice processes and plays back the buffers in its queue in the order that they were submitted.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="buffer">The buffer to submit to the voice.</param>
+	protected void Submit(FAudio.FAudioBuffer buffer)
+	{
+		lock (StateLock)
+		{
+			FAudio.FAudioSourceVoice_SubmitSourceBuffer(
+				Handle,
+				ref buffer,
+				IntPtr.Zero
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public override void Reset()
+	{
+		Stop();
+		PlaybackInitiated = false;
+		base.Reset();
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/SourceVoicePool.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+internal class SourceVoicePool
+{
+	private AudioDevice Device;
+
+	Dictionary<(System.Type, Format), Queue<SourceVoice>> VoiceLists = new Dictionary<(System.Type, Format), Queue<SourceVoice>>();
+
+	public SourceVoicePool(AudioDevice device)
+	{
+			Device = device;
+		}
+
+	public T Obtain<T>(Format format) where T : SourceVoice, IPoolable<T>
+	{
+			if (!VoiceLists.ContainsKey((typeof(T), format)))
+			{
+				VoiceLists.Add((typeof(T), format), new Queue<SourceVoice>());
+			}
+
+			Queue<SourceVoice> list = VoiceLists[(typeof(T), format)];
+
+			if (list.Count == 0)
+			{
+				list.Enqueue(T.Create(Device, format));
+			}
+
+			return (T) list.Dequeue();
+		}
+
+	public void Return(SourceVoice voice)
+	{
+			Queue<SourceVoice> list = VoiceLists[(voice.GetType(), voice.Format)];
+			list.Enqueue(voice);
+		}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/StreamingVoice.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Use in conjunction with an AudioDataStreamable object to play back streaming audio data.
+/// </summary>
+public class StreamingVoice : UpdatingSourceVoice, IPoolable<StreamingVoice>
+{
+	private const int BUFFER_COUNT = 3;
+	private readonly IntPtr[] buffers;
+	private int nextBufferIndex = 0;
+	private uint BufferSize;
+
+	public bool Loop { get; set; }
+
+	public AudioDataStreamable AudioData { get; protected set; }
+
+	public unsafe StreamingVoice(AudioDevice device, Format format) : base(device, format)
+	{
+		buffers = new IntPtr[BUFFER_COUNT];
+	}
+
+	public static StreamingVoice Create(AudioDevice device, Format format)
+	{
+		return new StreamingVoice(device, format);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Loads and prepares an AudioDataStreamable for streaming playback.
+	/// This automatically calls Load on the given AudioDataStreamable.
+	/// </summary>
+	public void Load(AudioDataStreamable data)
+	{
+		lock (StateLock)
+		{
+			if (AudioData != null)
+			{
+				AudioData.Unload();
+			}
+
+			data.Load();
+			AudioData = data;
+
+			InitializeBuffers();
+			QueueBuffers();
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Unloads AudioDataStreamable from this voice.
+	/// This automatically calls Unload on the given AudioDataStreamable.
+	/// </summary>
+	public void Unload()
+	{
+		lock (StateLock)
+		{
+			if (AudioData != null)
+			{
+				Stop();
+				AudioData.Unload();
+				AudioData = null;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	public override void Reset()
+	{
+		Unload();
+		base.Reset();
+	}
+
+	public override void Update()
+	{
+		lock (StateLock)
+		{
+			if (AudioData == null || State != SoundState.Playing)
+			{
+				return;
+			}
+
+			QueueBuffers();
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void QueueBuffers()
+	{
+		int buffersNeeded = BUFFER_COUNT - (int) BuffersQueued; // don't get got by uint underflow!
+		for (int i = 0; i < buffersNeeded; i += 1)
+		{
+			AddBuffer();
+		}
+	}
+
+	private unsafe void AddBuffer()
+	{
+		IntPtr buffer = buffers[nextBufferIndex];
+		nextBufferIndex = (nextBufferIndex + 1) % BUFFER_COUNT;
+
+		AudioData.Decode(
+			(void*) buffer,
+			(int) BufferSize,
+			out int filledLengthInBytes,
+			out bool reachedEnd
+		);
+
+		if (filledLengthInBytes > 0)
+		{
+			FAudio.FAudioBuffer buf = new FAudio.FAudioBuffer
+			{
+				AudioBytes = (uint) filledLengthInBytes,
+				pAudioData = buffer,
+				PlayLength = (
+					(uint) (filledLengthInBytes /
+					        Format.Channels /
+					        (uint) (Format.BitsPerSample / 8))
+				)
+			};
+
+			Submit(buf);
+		}
+
+		if (reachedEnd)
+		{
+			/* We have reached the end of the data, what do we do? */
+			if (Loop)
+			{
+				AudioData.Seek(0);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private unsafe void InitializeBuffers()
+	{
+		BufferSize = AudioData.DecodeBufferSize;
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < BUFFER_COUNT; i += 1)
+		{
+			if (buffers[i] != IntPtr.Zero)
+			{
+				NativeMemory.Free((void*) buffers[i]);
+			}
+
+			buffers[i] = (IntPtr) NativeMemory.Alloc(BufferSize);
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected override unsafe void Dispose(bool disposing)
+	{
+		if (!IsDisposed)
+		{
+			lock (StateLock)
+			{
+				Stop();
+
+				for (int i = 0; i < BUFFER_COUNT; i += 1)
+				{
+					if (buffers[i] != IntPtr.Zero)
+					{
+						NativeMemory.Free((void*) buffers[i]);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		base.Dispose(disposing);
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/SubmixVoice.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// SourceVoices can send audio to a SubmixVoice for convenient effects processing.
+/// Submixes process in order of processingStage, from lowest to highest.
+/// Therefore submixes early in a chain should have a low processingStage, and later in the chain they should have a higher one.
+/// </summary>
+public class SubmixVoice : Voice
+{
+	public SubmixVoice(
+		AudioDevice device,
+		uint sourceChannelCount,
+		uint sampleRate,
+		uint processingStage
+	) : base(device, sourceChannelCount, device.DeviceDetails.OutputFormat.Format.nChannels)
+	{
+		FAudio.FAudio_CreateSubmixVoice(
+			device.Handle,
+			out handle,
+			sourceChannelCount,
+			sampleRate,
+			FAudio.FAUDIO_VOICE_USEFILTER,
+			processingStage,
+			IntPtr.Zero,
+			IntPtr.Zero
+		);
+
+		SetOutputVoice(device.MasteringVoice);
+	}
+
+	private SubmixVoice(
+		AudioDevice device
+	) : base(device, device.DeviceDetails.OutputFormat.Format.nChannels, device.DeviceDetails.OutputFormat.Format.nChannels)
+	{
+		FAudio.FAudio_CreateSubmixVoice(
+			device.Handle,
+			out handle,
+			device.DeviceDetails.OutputFormat.Format.nChannels,
+			device.DeviceDetails.OutputFormat.Format.nSamplesPerSec,
+			FAudio.FAUDIO_VOICE_USEFILTER,
+			int.MaxValue,
+			IntPtr.Zero, // default sends to mastering voice
+			IntPtr.Zero
+		);
+
+		OutputVoice = null;
+	}
+
+	internal static SubmixVoice CreateFauxMasteringVoice(AudioDevice device)
+	{
+		return new SubmixVoice(device);
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/TransientVoice.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// TransientVoice is intended for playing one-off sound effects that don't have a long term reference. <br/>
+/// It will be automatically returned to the AudioDevice SourceVoice pool once it is done playing back.
+/// </summary>
+public class TransientVoice : UpdatingSourceVoice, IPoolable<TransientVoice>
+{
+	static TransientVoice IPoolable<TransientVoice>.Create(AudioDevice device, Format format)
+	{
+			return new TransientVoice(device, format);
+		}
+
+	public TransientVoice(AudioDevice device, Format format) : base(device, format)
+	{
+		}
+
+	public override void Update()
+	{
+			lock (StateLock)
+			{
+				if (PlaybackInitiated && BuffersQueued == 0)
+				{
+					Return();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/UpdatingSourceVoice.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+public abstract class UpdatingSourceVoice : SourceVoice
+{
+	protected UpdatingSourceVoice(AudioDevice device, Format format) : base(device, format)
+	{
+		}
+
+	public abstract void Update();
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Audio/Voice.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using EasingFunction = System.Func<float, float>;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Handles audio playback from audio buffer data. Can be configured with a variety of parameters.
+/// </summary>
+public abstract unsafe class Voice : AudioResource
+{
+	protected IntPtr handle;
+	public IntPtr Handle => handle;
+
+	public uint SourceChannelCount { get; }
+	public uint DestinationChannelCount { get; }
+
+	protected SubmixVoice OutputVoice;
+	private ReverbEffect ReverbEffect;
+
+	protected byte* pMatrixCoefficients;
+
+	public bool Is3D { get; protected set; }
+
+	private float dopplerFactor;
+	/// <summary>
+	/// The strength of the doppler effect on this voice.
+	/// </summary>
+	public float DopplerFactor
+	{
+		get => dopplerFactor;
+		set
+		{
+			if (dopplerFactor != value)
+			{
+				dopplerFactor = value;
+				UpdatePitch();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private float volume = 1;
+	/// <summary>
+	/// The overall volume level for the voice.
+	/// </summary>
+	public float Volume
+	{
+		get => volume;
+		internal set
+		{
+			value = MathF.Max(0f, value);
+			if (volume != value)
+			{
+				volume = value;
+				FAudio.FAudioVoice_SetVolume(Handle, volume, 0);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private float pitch = 0;
+	/// <summary>
+	/// The pitch of the voice.
+	/// </summary>
+	public float Pitch
+	{
+		get => pitch;
+		internal set
+		{
+			value = Math.Clamp(value, -1f, 1f);
+			if (pitch != value)
+			{
+				pitch = value;
+				UpdatePitch();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private const float MAX_FILTER_FREQUENCY = 1f;
+	private const float MAX_FILTER_ONEOVERQ = 1.5f;
+
+	private FAudio.FAudioFilterParameters filterParameters = new FAudio.FAudioFilterParameters
+	{
+		Type = FAudio.FAudioFilterType.FAudioLowPassFilter,
+		Frequency = 1f,
+		OneOverQ = 1f
+	};
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// The frequency cutoff on the voice filter.
+	/// </summary>
+	public float FilterFrequency
+	{
+		get => filterParameters.Frequency;
+		internal set
+		{
+			value = System.Math.Clamp(value, 0.01f, MAX_FILTER_FREQUENCY);
+			if (filterParameters.Frequency != value)
+			{
+				filterParameters.Frequency = value;
+
+				FAudio.FAudioVoice_SetFilterParameters(
+					Handle,
+					ref filterParameters,
+					0
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Reciprocal of Q factor.
+	/// Controls how quickly frequencies beyond the filter frequency are dampened.
+	/// </summary>
+	public float FilterOneOverQ
+	{
+		get => filterParameters.OneOverQ;
+		internal set
+		{
+			value = System.Math.Clamp(value, 0.01f, MAX_FILTER_ONEOVERQ);
+			if (filterParameters.OneOverQ != value)
+			{
+				filterParameters.OneOverQ = value;
+
+				FAudio.FAudioVoice_SetFilterParameters(
+					Handle,
+					ref filterParameters,
+					0
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private FilterType filterType;
+	/// <summary>
+	/// The frequency filter that is applied to the voice.
+	/// </summary>
+	public FilterType FilterType
+	{
+		get => filterType;
+		set
+		{
+			if (filterType != value)
+			{
+				filterType = value;
+
+				switch (filterType)
+				{
+					case FilterType.None:
+						filterParameters = new FAudio.FAudioFilterParameters
+						{
+							Type = FAudio.FAudioFilterType.FAudioLowPassFilter,
+							Frequency = 1f,
+							OneOverQ = 1f
+						};
+						break;
+
+					case FilterType.LowPass:
+						filterParameters.Type = FAudio.FAudioFilterType.FAudioLowPassFilter;
+						filterParameters.Frequency = 1f;
+						break;
+
+					case FilterType.BandPass:
+						filterParameters.Type = FAudio.FAudioFilterType.FAudioBandPassFilter;
+						break;
+
+					case FilterType.HighPass:
+						filterParameters.Type = FAudio.FAudioFilterType.FAudioHighPassFilter;
+						filterParameters.Frequency = 0f;
+						break;
+				}
+
+				FAudio.FAudioVoice_SetFilterParameters(
+					Handle,
+					ref filterParameters,
+					0
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected float pan = 0;
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Left-right panning. -1 is hard left pan, 1 is hard right pan.
+	/// </summary>
+	public float Pan
+	{
+		get => pan;
+		internal set
+		{
+			value = Math.Clamp(value, -1f, 1f);
+			if (pan != value)
+			{
+				pan = value;
+
+				if (pan < -1f)
+				{
+					pan = -1f;
+				}
+				if (pan > 1f)
+				{
+					pan = 1f;
+				}
+
+				if (Is3D) { return; }
+
+				SetPanMatrixCoefficients();
+				FAudio.FAudioVoice_SetOutputMatrix(
+					Handle,
+					OutputVoice.Handle,
+					SourceChannelCount,
+					DestinationChannelCount,
+					(nint) pMatrixCoefficients,
+					0
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private float reverb;
+	/// <summary>
+	/// The wet-dry mix of the reverb effect.
+	/// Has no effect if SetReverbEffectChain has not been called.
+	/// </summary>
+	public unsafe float Reverb
+	{
+		get => reverb;
+		internal set
+		{
+			if (ReverbEffect != null)
+			{
+				value = MathF.Max(0, value);
+				if (reverb != value)
+				{
+					reverb = value;
+
+					float* outputMatrix = (float*) pMatrixCoefficients;
+					outputMatrix[0] = reverb;
+					if (SourceChannelCount == 2)
+					{
+						outputMatrix[1] = reverb;
+					}
+
+					FAudio.FAudioVoice_SetOutputMatrix(
+						Handle,
+						ReverbEffect.Handle,
+						SourceChannelCount,
+						1,
+						(nint) pMatrixCoefficients,
+						0
+					);
+				}
+			}
+
+#if DEBUG
+			if (ReverbEffect == null)
+			{
+				Log.Warning("Tried to set reverb value before applying a reverb effect");
+			}
+#endif
+		}
+	}
+
+	public Voice(AudioDevice device, uint sourceChannelCount, uint destinationChannelCount) : base(device)
+	{
+		SourceChannelCount = sourceChannelCount;
+		DestinationChannelCount = destinationChannelCount;
+		nuint memsize = 4 * sourceChannelCount * destinationChannelCount;
+		pMatrixCoefficients = (byte*) NativeMemory.AllocZeroed(memsize);
+		SetPanMatrixCoefficients();
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Sets the output voice for this voice.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="send">Where the output should be sent.</param>
+	public unsafe void SetOutputVoice(SubmixVoice send)
+	{
+		OutputVoice = send;
+
+		if (ReverbEffect != null)
+		{
+			SetReverbEffectChain(ReverbEffect);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			FAudio.FAudioSendDescriptor* sendDesc = stackalloc FAudio.FAudioSendDescriptor[1];
+			sendDesc[0].Flags = 0;
+			sendDesc[0].pOutputVoice = send.Handle;
+
+			FAudio.FAudioVoiceSends sends = new FAudio.FAudioVoiceSends();
+			sends.SendCount = 1;
+			sends.pSends = (nint) sendDesc;
+
+			FAudio.FAudioVoice_SetOutputVoices(
+				Handle,
+				ref sends
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Applies a reverb effect chain to this voice.
+	/// </summary>
+	public unsafe void SetReverbEffectChain(ReverbEffect reverbEffect)
+	{
+		FAudio.FAudioSendDescriptor* sendDesc = stackalloc FAudio.FAudioSendDescriptor[2];
+		sendDesc[0].Flags = 0;
+		sendDesc[0].pOutputVoice = OutputVoice.Handle;
+		sendDesc[1].Flags = 0;
+		sendDesc[1].pOutputVoice = reverbEffect.Handle;
+
+		FAudio.FAudioVoiceSends sends = new FAudio.FAudioVoiceSends();
+		sends.SendCount = 2;
+		sends.pSends = (nint) sendDesc;
+
+		FAudio.FAudioVoice_SetOutputVoices(
+			Handle,
+			ref sends
+		);
+
+		ReverbEffect = reverbEffect;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Removes the reverb effect chain from this voice.
+	/// </summary>
+	public void RemoveReverbEffectChain()
+	{
+		if (ReverbEffect != null)
+		{
+			ReverbEffect = null;
+			reverb = 0;
+			SetOutputVoice(OutputVoice);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Resets all voice parameters to defaults.
+	/// </summary>
+	public virtual void Reset()
+	{
+		RemoveReverbEffectChain();
+		Volume = 1;
+		Pan = 0;
+		Pitch = 0;
+		FilterType = FilterType.None;
+		SetOutputVoice(Device.MasteringVoice);
+	}
+
+	// Taken from https://github.com/FNA-XNA/FNA/blob/master/src/Audio/SoundEffectInstance.cs
+	private unsafe void SetPanMatrixCoefficients()
+	{
+		/* Two major things to notice:
+		 * 1. The spec assumes any speaker count >= 2 has Front Left/Right.
+		 * 2. Stereo panning is WAY more complicated than you think.
+		 *    The main thing is that hard panning does NOT eliminate an
+		 *    entire channel; the two channels are blended on each side.
+		 * -flibit
+		 */
+		float* outputMatrix = (float*) pMatrixCoefficients;
+		if (SourceChannelCount == 1)
+		{
+			if (DestinationChannelCount == 1)
+			{
+				outputMatrix[0] = 1.0f;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				outputMatrix[0] = (pan > 0.0f) ? (1.0f - pan) : 1.0f;
+				outputMatrix[1] = (pan < 0.0f) ? (1.0f + pan) : 1.0f;
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			if (DestinationChannelCount == 1)
+			{
+				outputMatrix[0] = 1.0f;
+				outputMatrix[1] = 1.0f;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				if (pan <= 0.0f)
+				{
+					// Left speaker blends left/right channels
+					outputMatrix[0] = 0.5f * pan + 1.0f;
+					outputMatrix[1] = 0.5f * -pan;
+					// Right speaker gets less of the right channel
+					outputMatrix[2] = 0.0f;
+					outputMatrix[3] = pan + 1.0f;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					// Left speaker gets less of the left channel
+					outputMatrix[0] = -pan + 1.0f;
+					outputMatrix[1] = 0.0f;
+					// Right speaker blends right/left channels
+					outputMatrix[2] = 0.5f * pan;
+					outputMatrix[3] = 0.5f * -pan + 1.0f;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected void UpdatePitch()
+	{
+		float doppler;
+		float dopplerScale = Device.DopplerScale;
+		if (!Is3D || dopplerScale == 0.0f)
+		{
+			doppler = 1.0f;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			doppler = DopplerFactor * dopplerScale;
+		}
+
+		FAudio.FAudioSourceVoice_SetFrequencyRatio(
+			Handle,
+			(float) System.Math.Pow(2.0, pitch) * doppler,
+			0
+		);
+	}
+
+	protected override unsafe void Dispose(bool disposing)
+	{
+		if (!IsDisposed)
+		{
+			NativeMemory.Free(pMatrixCoefficients);
+			FAudio.FAudioVoice_DestroyVoice(Handle);
+		}
+		base.Dispose(disposing);
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/CopyLibs.targets

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+
+	<Target Name="Runtime ID"  AfterTargets="Build">
+    	<Message Text="Runtime ID: $(RuntimeIdentifier)" Importance="high"/>
+	</Target>
+
+	<ItemGroup Condition="$([System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeInformation]::IsOSPlatform($([System.Runtime.InteropServices.OSPlatform]::Windows)))">
+		<Content Include="..\libs\x64\**\*.*" >
+			<Link>%(RecursiveDir)%(Filename)%(Extension)</Link>
+			<CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
+		</Content>
+	</ItemGroup>
+	<ItemGroup Condition="$([System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeInformation]::IsOSPlatform($([System.Runtime.InteropServices.OSPlatform]::Linux)))">
+		<Content Include="..\libs\lib64\**\*.*" >
+			<Link>%(RecursiveDir)%(Filename)%(Extension)</Link>
+			<CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
+		</Content>
+	</ItemGroup>
+	<ItemGroup Condition="$([System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeInformation]::IsOSPlatform($([System.Runtime.InteropServices.OSPlatform]::OSX)))">
+		<Content Include="..\libs\osx\**\*.*" >
+			<Link>%(RecursiveDir)%(Filename)%(Extension)</Link>
+			<CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
+		</Content>
+	</ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>

Nerfed.Runtime/Engine.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using Nerfed.Runtime.Audio;
+using Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+using SDL2;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime;
+
+public static class Engine
+{
+    public static TimeSpan MaxDeltaTime { get; set; } = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(100);
+    public static bool VSync { get; set; }
+
+    public static GraphicsDevice GraphicsDevice { get; private set; }
+    public static AudioDevice AudioDevice { get; private set; }
+    public static Window MainWindow { get; private set; }
+    public static TimeSpan Timestep { get; private set; }
+
+    private static bool quit;
+    private static Stopwatch gameTimer;
+    private static long previousTicks = 0;
+    private static TimeSpan accumulatedUpdateTime = TimeSpan.Zero;
+
+    private static TimeSpan accumulatedDrawTime = TimeSpan.Zero;
+
+    // must be a power of 2 so we can do a bitmask optimization when checking worst case
+    private const int previousSleepTimeCount = 128;
+    private const int sleepTimeMask = previousSleepTimeCount - 1;
+    private static readonly TimeSpan[] previousSleepTimes = new TimeSpan[previousSleepTimeCount];
+    private static int sleepTimeIndex;
+    private static TimeSpan worstCaseSleepPrecision = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1);
+    private static bool framerateCapped;
+    private static TimeSpan framerateCapTimeSpan = TimeSpan.Zero;
+
+    //TODO: These are temp
+    private const int MaxFps = 300;
+    private const int TargetTimestep = 60;
+    private const int WindowWidth = 1280;
+    private const int WindowHeight = 720;
+    private const string WindowTitle = "Nerfed";
+    //..
+
+    internal static void Run(string[] args)
+    {
+        Timestep = TimeSpan.FromTicks(TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond / TargetTimestep);
+        gameTimer = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+        SetFrameLimiter(new FrameLimiterSettings(FrameLimiterMode.Capped, MaxFps));
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < previousSleepTimes.Length; i += 1)
+        {
+            previousSleepTimes[i] = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1);
+        }
+
+        if (SDL.SDL_Init(SDL.SDL_INIT_VIDEO | SDL.SDL_INIT_TIMER | SDL.SDL_INIT_GAMECONTROLLER) < 0)
+        {
+            throw new Exception("Failed to init SDL");
+        }
+
+        GraphicsDevice = new GraphicsDevice(BackendFlags.All);
+
+        MainWindow = new Window(GraphicsDevice, new WindowCreateInfo(WindowTitle, WindowWidth, WindowHeight, ScreenMode.Windowed));
+        if (!GraphicsDevice.ClaimWindow(MainWindow, SwapchainComposition.SDR, VSync ? PresentMode.VSync : PresentMode.Mailbox))
+        {
+            throw new Exception("Failed to claim window");
+        }
+
+        AudioDevice = new AudioDevice();
+
+        while (!quit)
+        {
+            Tick();
+        }
+
+        GraphicsDevice.UnclaimWindow(MainWindow);
+        MainWindow.Dispose();
+        GraphicsDevice.Dispose();
+        AudioDevice.Dispose();
+        SDL.SDL_Quit();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Updates the frame limiter settings.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static void SetFrameLimiter(FrameLimiterSettings settings)
+    {
+        framerateCapped = settings.Mode == FrameLimiterMode.Capped;
+
+        if (framerateCapped)
+        {
+            framerateCapTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromTicks(TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond / settings.Cap);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            framerateCapTimeSpan = TimeSpan.Zero;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void Quit()
+    {
+        quit = true;
+    }
+
+    private static void Tick()
+    {
+        AdvanceElapsedTime();
+
+        if (framerateCapped)
+        {
+            /* We want to wait until the framerate cap,
+             * but we don't want to oversleep. Requesting repeated 1ms sleeps and
+             * seeing how long we actually slept for lets us estimate the worst case
+             * sleep precision so we don't oversleep the next frame.
+             */
+            while (accumulatedDrawTime + worstCaseSleepPrecision < framerateCapTimeSpan)
+            {
+                Thread.Sleep(1);
+                TimeSpan timeAdvancedSinceSleeping = AdvanceElapsedTime();
+                UpdateEstimatedSleepPrecision(timeAdvancedSinceSleeping);
+            }
+
+            /* Now that we have slept into the sleep precision threshold, we need to wait
+             * for just a little bit longer until the target elapsed time has been reached.
+             * SpinWait(1) works by pausing the thread for very short intervals, so it is
+             * an efficient and time-accurate way to wait out the rest of the time.
+             */
+            while (accumulatedDrawTime < framerateCapTimeSpan)
+            {
+                Thread.SpinWait(1);
+                AdvanceElapsedTime();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Do not let any step take longer than our maximum.
+        if (accumulatedUpdateTime > MaxDeltaTime)
+        {
+            accumulatedUpdateTime = MaxDeltaTime;
+        }
+
+        if (!quit)
+        {
+            while (accumulatedUpdateTime >= Timestep)
+            {
+                Keyboard.Update();
+                Mouse.Update();
+                GamePad.Update();
+
+                ProcessSDLEvents();
+
+                // Tick game here...
+
+                AudioDevice.WakeThread();
+                accumulatedUpdateTime -= Timestep;
+            }
+
+            double alpha = accumulatedUpdateTime / Timestep;
+
+            // Render here..
+
+            accumulatedDrawTime -= framerateCapTimeSpan;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static TimeSpan AdvanceElapsedTime()
+    {
+        long currentTicks = gameTimer.Elapsed.Ticks;
+        TimeSpan timeAdvanced = TimeSpan.FromTicks(currentTicks - previousTicks);
+        accumulatedUpdateTime += timeAdvanced;
+        accumulatedDrawTime += timeAdvanced;
+        previousTicks = currentTicks;
+        return timeAdvanced;
+    }
+
+    private static void ProcessSDLEvents()
+    {
+        while (SDL.SDL_PollEvent(out SDL.SDL_Event ev) == 1)
+        {
+            switch (ev.type)
+            {
+                case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_QUIT:
+                    Quit();
+                    break;
+                case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_TEXTINPUT:
+                case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_KEYDOWN:
+                case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_KEYUP:
+                    Keyboard.ProcessEvent(ref ev);
+                    break;
+                case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
+                case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_MOUSEBUTTONUP:
+                case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_MOUSEWHEEL:
+                case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_MOUSEMOTION:
+                    Mouse.ProcessEvent(ref ev);
+                    break;
+                case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_CONTROLLERDEVICEADDED:
+                case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_CONTROLLERDEVICEREMOVED:
+                case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_CONTROLLERBUTTONDOWN:
+                case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_CONTROLLERBUTTONUP:
+                case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_CONTROLLERAXISMOTION:
+                case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_CONTROLLERTOUCHPADDOWN:
+                case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_CONTROLLERTOUCHPADUP:
+                case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_CONTROLLERTOUCHPADMOTION:
+                case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_CONTROLLERSENSORUPDATE:
+                    GamePad.ProcessEvent(ref ev);
+                    break;
+                case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_WINDOWEVENT:
+                    Window.ProcessEvent(ref ev);
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* To calculate the sleep precision of the OS, we take the worst case
+     * time spent sleeping over the results of previous requests to sleep 1ms.
+     */
+    private static void UpdateEstimatedSleepPrecision(TimeSpan timeSpentSleeping)
+    {
+        /* It is unlikely that the scheduler will actually be more imprecise than
+         * 4ms and we don't want to get wrecked by a single long sleep so we cap this
+         * value at 4ms for sanity.
+         */
+        TimeSpan upperTimeBound = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(4);
+
+        if (timeSpentSleeping > upperTimeBound)
+        {
+            timeSpentSleeping = upperTimeBound;
+        }
+
+        /* We know the previous worst case - it's saved in worstCaseSleepPrecision.
+         * We also know the current index. So the only way the worst case changes
+         * is if we either 1) just got a new worst case, or 2) the worst case was
+         * the oldest entry on the list.
+         */
+        if (timeSpentSleeping >= worstCaseSleepPrecision)
+        {
+            worstCaseSleepPrecision = timeSpentSleeping;
+        }
+        else if (previousSleepTimes[sleepTimeIndex] == worstCaseSleepPrecision)
+        {
+            TimeSpan maxSleepTime = TimeSpan.MinValue;
+            for (int i = 0; i < previousSleepTimes.Length; i++)
+            {
+                if (previousSleepTimes[i] > maxSleepTime)
+                {
+                    maxSleepTime = previousSleepTimes[i];
+                }
+            }
+
+            worstCaseSleepPrecision = maxSleepTime;
+        }
+
+        previousSleepTimes[sleepTimeIndex] = timeSpentSleeping;
+        sleepTimeIndex = (sleepTimeIndex + 1) & sleepTimeMask;
+    }
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/FrameLimiterSettings.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime;
+
+public enum FrameLimiterMode
+{
+	/// <summary>
+	/// The game will render at the maximum possible framerate that the computing resources allow. <br/>
+	/// Note that this may lead to overheating, resource starvation, etc.
+	/// </summary>
+	Uncapped,
+	/// <summary>
+	/// The game will render no more than the specified frames per second.
+	/// </summary>
+	Capped
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// The Game's frame limiter setting. Specifies uncapped framerate or a maximum rendering frames per second value. <br/>
+/// Note that this is separate from the Game's Update timestep and can be a different value.
+/// </summary>
+public struct FrameLimiterSettings
+{
+	public FrameLimiterMode Mode;
+	/// <summary>
+	/// If Mode is set to Capped, this is the maximum frames per second that will be rendered.
+	/// </summary>
+	public int Cap;
+
+	public FrameLimiterSettings(
+		FrameLimiterMode mode,
+		int cap
+	) {
+		Mode = mode;
+		Cap = cap;
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/CommandBufferPool.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+internal class CommandBufferPool
+{
+	private GraphicsDevice GraphicsDevice;
+	private ConcurrentQueue<CommandBuffer> CommandBuffers = new ConcurrentQueue<CommandBuffer>();
+
+	public CommandBufferPool(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice)
+	{
+		GraphicsDevice = graphicsDevice;
+	}
+
+	public CommandBuffer Obtain()
+	{
+		if (CommandBuffers.TryDequeue(out CommandBuffer commandBuffer))
+		{
+			return commandBuffer;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			return new CommandBuffer(GraphicsDevice);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void Return(CommandBuffer commandBuffer)
+	{
+		commandBuffer.Handle = IntPtr.Zero;
+		CommandBuffers.Enqueue(commandBuffer);
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/ComputePass.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using RefreshCS;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+public class ComputePass
+{
+	public nint Handle { get; private set; }
+
+	internal void SetHandle(nint handle)
+	{
+		Handle = handle;
+	}
+
+#if DEBUG
+	internal bool active;
+
+	ComputePipeline currentComputePipeline;
+#endif
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Binds a compute pipeline so that compute work may be dispatched.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="computePipeline">The compute pipeline to bind.</param>
+	public void BindComputePipeline(
+		ComputePipeline computePipeline
+	) {
+#if DEBUG
+		AssertComputePassActive();
+
+		// TODO: validate formats?
+#endif
+
+		Refresh.Refresh_BindComputePipeline(
+			Handle,
+			computePipeline.Handle
+		);
+
+#if DEBUG
+		currentComputePipeline = computePipeline;
+#endif
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Binds a texture to be used in the compute shader.
+	/// This texture must have been created with the ComputeShaderRead usage flag.
+	/// </summary>
+	public unsafe void BindStorageTexture(
+		in TextureSlice textureSlice,
+		uint slot = 0
+	) {
+#if DEBUG
+		AssertComputePassActive();
+		AssertComputePipelineBound();
+		AssertTextureNonNull(textureSlice.Texture);
+		AssertTextureHasComputeStorageReadFlag(textureSlice.Texture);
+#endif
+
+		Refresh.TextureSlice refreshTextureSlice = textureSlice.ToRefresh();
+
+		Refresh.Refresh_BindComputeStorageTextures(
+			Handle,
+			slot,
+			&refreshTextureSlice,
+			1
+		);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Binds a buffer to be used in the compute shader.
+	/// This buffer must have been created with the ComputeShaderRead usage flag.
+	/// </summary>
+	public unsafe void BindStorageBuffer(
+		Buffer buffer,
+		uint slot = 0
+	) {
+#if DEBUG
+		AssertComputePassActive();
+		AssertComputePipelineBound();
+		AssertBufferNonNull(buffer);
+		AssertBufferHasComputeStorageReadFlag(buffer);
+#endif
+
+		IntPtr bufferHandle = buffer.Handle;
+
+		Refresh.Refresh_BindComputeStorageBuffers(
+			Handle,
+			slot,
+			&bufferHandle,
+			1
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Dispatches compute work.
+	/// </summary>
+	public void Dispatch(
+		uint groupCountX,
+		uint groupCountY,
+		uint groupCountZ
+	) {
+#if DEBUG
+		AssertComputePassActive();
+		AssertComputePipelineBound();
+
+		if (groupCountX < 1 || groupCountY < 1 || groupCountZ < 1)
+		{
+			throw new System.ArgumentException("All dimensions for the compute work groups must be >= 1!");
+		}
+#endif
+
+		Refresh.Refresh_DispatchCompute(
+			Handle,
+			groupCountX,
+			groupCountY,
+			groupCountZ
+		);
+	}
+
+#if DEBUG
+	private void AssertComputePassActive(string message = "Render pass is not active!")
+	{
+		if (!active)
+		{
+			throw new System.InvalidOperationException(message);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void AssertComputePipelineBound(string message = "No compute pipeline is bound!")
+	{
+		if (currentComputePipeline == null)
+		{
+			throw new System.InvalidOperationException(message);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void AssertTextureNonNull(in TextureSlice textureSlice)
+	{
+		if (textureSlice.Texture == null || textureSlice.Texture.Handle == nint.Zero)
+		{
+			throw new System.NullReferenceException("Texture must not be null!");
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void AssertTextureHasComputeStorageReadFlag(Texture texture)
+	{
+		if ((texture.UsageFlags & TextureUsageFlags.ComputeStorageRead) == 0)
+		{
+			throw new System.ArgumentException("The bound Texture's UsageFlags must include TextureUsageFlags.ComputeStorageRead!");
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void AssertBufferNonNull(Buffer buffer)
+	{
+		if (buffer == null || buffer.Handle == nint.Zero)
+		{
+			throw new System.NullReferenceException("Buffer must not be null!");
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void AssertBufferHasComputeStorageReadFlag(Buffer buffer)
+	{
+		if ((buffer.UsageFlags & BufferUsageFlags.ComputeStorageRead) == 0)
+		{
+			throw new System.ArgumentException("The bound Buffer's UsageFlags must include BufferUsageFlag.ComputeStorageRead!");
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/ComputePassPool.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+internal class ComputePassPool
+{
+	private ConcurrentQueue<ComputePass> ComputePasses = new ConcurrentQueue<ComputePass>();
+
+	public ComputePass Obtain()
+	{
+		if (ComputePasses.TryDequeue(out ComputePass computePass))
+		{
+			return computePass;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			return new ComputePass();
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void Return(ComputePass computePass)
+	{
+		ComputePasses.Enqueue(computePass);
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/CopyPass.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using RefreshCS;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+public class CopyPass
+{
+	public nint Handle { get; private set; }
+
+	internal void SetHandle(nint handle)
+	{
+		Handle = handle;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Uploads data from a TransferBuffer to a TextureSlice.
+	/// This copy occurs on the GPU timeline.
+	///
+	/// Overwriting the contents of the TransferBuffer before the command buffer
+	/// has finished execution will cause undefined behavior.
+	///
+	/// You MAY assume that the copy has finished for subsequent commands.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="cycle">If true, cycles the texture if the given slice is bound.</param>
+	public void UploadToTexture(
+		in TextureTransferInfo source,
+		in TextureRegion destination,
+		bool cycle
+	) {
+#if DEBUG
+		AssertTransferBufferNotMapped(source.TransferBuffer);
+#endif
+
+		Refresh.Refresh_UploadToTexture(
+			Handle,
+			source.ToRefresh(),
+			destination.ToRefresh(),
+			Conversions.BoolToInt(cycle)
+		);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Uploads the contents of an entire buffer to a 2D texture with no mips.
+	/// </summary>
+	public void UploadToTexture(
+		TransferBuffer source,
+		Texture destination,
+		bool cycle
+	) {
+		UploadToTexture(
+			new TextureTransferInfo(source),
+			new TextureRegion(destination),
+			cycle
+		);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Uploads data from a TransferBuffer to a Buffer.
+	/// This copy occurs on the GPU timeline.
+	///
+	/// Overwriting the contents of the TransferBuffer before the command buffer
+	/// has finished execution will cause undefined behavior.
+	///
+	/// You MAY assume that the copy has finished for subsequent commands.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="cycle">If true, cycles the buffer if it is bound.</param>
+	public void UploadToBuffer(
+		in TransferBufferLocation source,
+		in BufferRegion destination,
+		bool cycle
+	) {
+#if DEBUG
+		AssertBufferBoundsCheck(source.TransferBuffer.Size, source.Offset, destination.Size);
+		AssertBufferBoundsCheck(destination.Buffer.Size, destination.Offset, destination.Size);
+		AssertTransferBufferNotMapped(source.TransferBuffer);
+#endif
+
+		Refresh.Refresh_UploadToBuffer(
+			Handle,
+			source.ToRefresh(),
+			destination.ToRefresh(),
+			Conversions.BoolToInt(cycle)
+		);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Copies the entire contents of a TransferBuffer to a Buffer.
+	/// </summary>
+	public void UploadToBuffer(
+		TransferBuffer source,
+		Buffer destination,
+		bool cycle
+	) {
+		UploadToBuffer(
+			new TransferBufferLocation(source),
+			new BufferRegion(destination, 0, destination.Size),
+			cycle
+		);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Copies data element-wise into from a TransferBuffer to a Buffer.
+	/// </summary>
+	public void UploadToBuffer<T>(
+		TransferBuffer source,
+		Buffer destination,
+		uint sourceStartElement,
+		uint destinationStartElement,
+		uint numElements,
+		bool cycle
+	) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		int elementSize = Marshal.SizeOf<T>();
+		uint dataLengthInBytes = (uint) (elementSize * numElements);
+		uint srcOffsetInBytes = (uint) (elementSize * sourceStartElement);
+		uint dstOffsetInBytes = (uint) (elementSize * destinationStartElement);
+
+		UploadToBuffer(
+			new TransferBufferLocation(source, srcOffsetInBytes),
+			new BufferRegion(destination, dstOffsetInBytes, dataLengthInBytes),
+			cycle
+		);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Copies the contents of a TextureLocation to another TextureLocation.
+	/// This copy occurs on the GPU timeline.
+	///
+	/// You MAY assume that the copy has finished in subsequent commands.
+	/// </summary>
+	public void CopyTextureToTexture(
+		in TextureLocation source,
+		in TextureLocation destination,
+		uint w,
+		uint h,
+		uint d,
+		bool cycle
+	) {
+#if DEBUG
+		AssertTextureBoundsCheck(source, w, h, d);
+		AssertTextureBoundsCheck(destination, w, h, d);
+#endif
+
+		Refresh.Refresh_CopyTextureToTexture(
+			Handle,
+			source.ToRefresh(),
+			destination.ToRefresh(),
+			w,
+			h,
+			d,
+			Conversions.BoolToInt(cycle)
+		);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Copies data from a Buffer to another Buffer.
+	/// This copy occurs on the GPU timeline.
+	///
+	/// You MAY assume that the copy has finished in subsequent commands.
+	/// </summary>
+	public void CopyBufferToBuffer(
+		in BufferLocation source,
+		in BufferLocation destination,
+		uint size,
+		bool cycle
+	) {
+#if DEBUG
+		AssertBufferBoundsCheck(source.Buffer.Size, source.Offset, size);
+		AssertBufferBoundsCheck(destination.Buffer.Size, destination.Offset, size);
+#endif
+
+		Refresh.Refresh_CopyBufferToBuffer(
+			Handle,
+			source.ToRefresh(),
+			destination.ToRefresh(),
+			size,
+			Conversions.BoolToInt(cycle)
+		);
+	}
+
+	public void DownloadFromBuffer(
+		in BufferRegion source,
+		in TransferBufferLocation destination
+	) {
+#if DEBUG
+		AssertBufferBoundsCheck(source.Buffer.Size, source.Offset, source.Size);
+		AssertBufferBoundsCheck(destination.TransferBuffer.Size, destination.Offset, source.Size);
+		AssertTransferBufferNotMapped(destination.TransferBuffer);
+#endif
+
+		Refresh.Refresh_DownloadFromBuffer(
+			Handle,
+			source.ToRefresh(),
+			destination.ToRefresh()
+		);
+	}
+
+	public void DownloadFromTexture(
+		in TextureRegion source,
+		in TextureTransferInfo destination
+	) {
+#if DEBUG
+		AssertTransferBufferNotMapped(destination.TransferBuffer);
+#endif
+
+		Refresh.Refresh_DownloadFromTexture(
+			Handle,
+			source.ToRefresh(),
+			destination.ToRefresh()
+		);
+	}
+
+#if DEBUG
+	private void AssertBufferBoundsCheck(uint bufferLengthInBytes, uint offsetInBytes, uint copyLengthInBytes)
+	{
+		if (copyLengthInBytes > bufferLengthInBytes + offsetInBytes)
+		{
+			throw new System.InvalidOperationException($"SetBufferData overflow! buffer length {bufferLengthInBytes}, offset {offsetInBytes}, copy length {copyLengthInBytes}");
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void AssertTextureBoundsCheck(in TextureLocation textureLocation, uint w, uint h, uint d)
+	{
+		if (
+			textureLocation.X + w > textureLocation.TextureSlice.Texture.Width ||
+			textureLocation.Y + h > textureLocation.TextureSlice.Texture.Height ||
+			textureLocation.Z + d > textureLocation.TextureSlice.Texture.Depth
+		) {
+			throw new System.InvalidOperationException($"Texture data is out of bounds!");
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void AssertTransferBufferNotMapped(TransferBuffer transferBuffer)
+	{
+		if (transferBuffer.Mapped)
+		{
+			throw new System.InvalidOperationException("Transfer buffer must not be mapped!");
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/CopyPassPool.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+internal class CopyPassPool
+{
+	private ConcurrentQueue<CopyPass> CopyPasses = new ConcurrentQueue<CopyPass>();
+
+	public CopyPass Obtain()
+	{
+		if (CopyPasses.TryDequeue(out CopyPass copyPass))
+		{
+			return copyPass;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			return new CopyPass();
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void Return(CopyPass copyPass)
+	{
+		CopyPasses.Enqueue(copyPass);
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/EmbeddedShadersSpirV.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,716 @@
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+internal class EmbeddedShadersSpirV : IEmbeddedShaders
+{
+    public ShaderFormat ShaderFormat => ShaderFormat.SPIRV;
+
+    public byte[] FullscreenVert { get; } =
+    [
+        0x3, 0x2, 0x23, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0,
+        0x8, 0x0, 0x2E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x11, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x4C, 0x53, 0x4C,
+        0x2E, 0x73, 0x74, 0x64, 0x2E, 0x34, 0x35, 0x30, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0xE, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xF, 0x0, 0x8, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6E,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xC, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0,
+        0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xC2, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6E,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x6F, 0x75, 0x74, 0x54, 0x65, 0x78, 0x43, 0x6F,
+        0x6F, 0x72, 0x64, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0xC, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x67, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x56, 0x65, 0x72, 0x74, 0x65,
+        0x78, 0x49, 0x6E, 0x64, 0x65, 0x78, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x1B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x67, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x50,
+        0x65, 0x72, 0x56, 0x65, 0x72, 0x74, 0x65, 0x78, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x1B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x67, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x50, 0x6F, 0x73,
+        0x69, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6F, 0x6E, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0,
+        0x1B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x67, 0x6C,
+        0x5F, 0x50, 0x6F, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x74, 0x53, 0x69, 0x7A, 0x65,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x1B, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x67, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x43,
+        0x6C, 0x69, 0x70, 0x44, 0x69, 0x73, 0x74, 0x61, 0x6E, 0x63,
+        0x65, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x1B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x67, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x43, 0x75, 0x6C,
+        0x6C, 0x44, 0x69, 0x73, 0x74, 0x61, 0x6E, 0x63, 0x65, 0x0,
+        0x5, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x1D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0xC, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x2A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x48, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x1B, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x48, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x1B, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x48, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x1B, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x48, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x1B, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x1B, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x13, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0,
+        0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x21, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x16, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x17, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x8, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x8, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x15, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0xA, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xA, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xC, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0xA, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0xE, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0xA, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x10, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x17, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x17, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x15, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x18, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x18, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x19, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1C, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x1A, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x19, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1E, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x1B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x17, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x1C, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x1C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1D, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0xA, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x40, 0x2B, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x21, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xC0, 0x2C, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x22, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x21, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x24, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x80, 0xBF,
+        0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x25, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x80, 0x3F, 0x2C, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x26, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x24, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x25, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x28, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x2C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x17, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x36, 0x0,
+        0x5, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xF8, 0x0,
+        0x2, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0xA, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xD, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xC, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0xC4, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0xA, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0xF, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xD, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xE, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0xC7, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0xA, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x11, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xF, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x10, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x6F, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x12, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x11, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0xA, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x13, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0xC, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xC7, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0xA, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x14, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x13, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x10, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6F, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x15, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x14, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x50, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x16, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x12, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x15, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3E, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x16, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1F, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x85, 0x0,
+        0x5, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x23, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1F, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x22, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x81, 0x0,
+        0x5, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x27, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x23, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x26, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x51, 0x0,
+        0x5, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x29, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x27, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x51, 0x0,
+        0x5, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x27, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x50, 0x0,
+        0x7, 0x0, 0x17, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x29, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x28, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x25, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x41, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x2C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1D, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0,
+        0x2D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xFD, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x38, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0,
+    ];
+
+    public byte[] TextMsdfFrag { get; } =
+    [
+        0x3, 0x2, 0x23, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0,
+        0x8, 0x0, 0x6C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x11, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x11, 0x0,
+        0x2, 0x0, 0x32, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x4C, 0x53, 0x4C, 0x2E, 0x73,
+        0x74, 0x64, 0x2E, 0x34, 0x35, 0x30, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0xE, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0xF, 0x0, 0x8, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x36, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x64, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x67, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x10, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0,
+        0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xC2, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6E,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0xC, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x6D, 0x65, 0x64, 0x69, 0x61, 0x6E, 0x28, 0x66,
+        0x31, 0x3B, 0x66, 0x31, 0x3B, 0x66, 0x31, 0x3B, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x72, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0xA, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x67, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0,
+        0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x62, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0xF, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x73, 0x63, 0x72, 0x65,
+        0x65, 0x6E, 0x50, 0x78, 0x52, 0x61, 0x6E, 0x67, 0x65, 0x28,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x75, 0x6E, 0x69, 0x74, 0x52, 0x61, 0x6E, 0x67, 0x65, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x1F, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x55, 0x42, 0x4F, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x1F, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x70, 0x78, 0x52, 0x61,
+        0x6E, 0x67, 0x65, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x21, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x75, 0x62, 0x6F, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x2B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6D, 0x73, 0x64, 0x66, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x32, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x73, 0x63, 0x72, 0x65, 0x65, 0x6E, 0x54, 0x65, 0x78, 0x53,
+        0x69, 0x7A, 0x65, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x36, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x54, 0x65, 0x78, 0x43,
+        0x6F, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x64, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0,
+        0x44, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6D, 0x73, 0x64, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x3, 0x0, 0x4A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x73, 0x64, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x5, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x4B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x70, 0x61,
+        0x72, 0x61, 0x6D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x50, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x70, 0x61, 0x72, 0x61, 0x6D, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x54, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x70, 0x61, 0x72, 0x61, 0x6D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x7, 0x0, 0x59, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x73, 0x63, 0x72, 0x65,
+        0x65, 0x6E, 0x50, 0x78, 0x44, 0x69, 0x73, 0x74, 0x61, 0x6E,
+        0x63, 0x65, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x5E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6F, 0x70, 0x61, 0x63, 0x69, 0x74,
+        0x79, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x64, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x6F, 0x75, 0x74, 0x43, 0x6F, 0x6C, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x67, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x69, 0x6E, 0x43, 0x6F, 0x6C, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x0, 0x48, 0x0,
+        0x5, 0x0, 0x1F, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x23, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0,
+        0x3, 0x0, 0x1F, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x47, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x21, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x22, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x21, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x21, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x22, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x21, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x36, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x47, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x64, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x67, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x13, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x21, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x16, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x21, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x8, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x21, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0xE, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x17, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x1C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x1D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0,
+        0x3, 0x0, 0x1F, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1F, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x21, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x15, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x22, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x22, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x23, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x24, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x19, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0x28, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1B, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0,
+        0x29, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x28, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x2A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x29, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x2A, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x17, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x2E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x22, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x33, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x80, 0x3F, 0x2C, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x1C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x34, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x33, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x33, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x35, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x35, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x36, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3F,
+        0x17, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x42, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x43, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x42, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x17, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x15, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x4C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x4C, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x4D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x4C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x51, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x4C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x55, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x61, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x63, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x47, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x63, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x64, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x2C, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x65, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x61, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x61, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x61, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x61, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x66, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x47, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x66, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x67, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x36, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0xF8, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x43, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x44, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x4A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x4B, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x50, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x54, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x59, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x5E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x29, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x45, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x1C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x46, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x36, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x57, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x48, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x45, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x46, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x4F, 0x0, 0x8, 0x0, 0x42, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x49, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x48, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x48, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x44, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x49, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x41, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x4E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x44, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x4D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x4F, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x4E, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x4B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x4F, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x41, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x52, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x44, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x51, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x53, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x52, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3E, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x50, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x53, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x41, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x56, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x44, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x55, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x57, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x56, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0,
+        0x3, 0x0, 0x54, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x57, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x39, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x58, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0xC, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x4B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x50, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x54, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0,
+        0x3, 0x0, 0x4A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x58, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x39, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5A, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0xF, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x4A, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x83, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x5C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3A, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x85, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x5D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5C, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x59, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x5D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x5F, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x59, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x81, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x60, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x5F, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0xC, 0x0, 0x8, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x62, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x60, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x61, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x33, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x5E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x62, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x68, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x67, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x69, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x5E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x50, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0,
+        0x47, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x69, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x69, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x69, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x69, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xC, 0x0, 0x8, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x6B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x2E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x65, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x68, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x6A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0,
+        0x64, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xFD, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x38, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x36, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xC, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x8, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x37, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0,
+        0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x37, 0x0,
+        0x3, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xA, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x37, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0xF8, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0xD, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x11, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x12, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xA, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0xC, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x13, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x25, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x11, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x12, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x14, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x15, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xA, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0xC, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x16, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x28, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x14, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x15, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x17, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xC, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x18, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x25, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x16, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x17, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xC, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x19, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x28, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x13, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x18, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0xFE, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x19, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x38, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x36, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0xF, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0xE, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xF8, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x10, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x1D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x1D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x32, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x41, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x24, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x25, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x21, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x23, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x26, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x25, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x50, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x1C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x27, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x26, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x26, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x29, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2C, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x64, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x28, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2C, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x67, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x2E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x2F, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x23, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x6F, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x1C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x30, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2F, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x88, 0x0,
+        0x5, 0x0, 0x1C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x31, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x27, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x30, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0,
+        0x3, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x31, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x1C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x37, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x36, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xD1, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x1C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x38, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x37, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x88, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x1C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x39, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x34, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x38, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x32, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x39, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x1C, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x1C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3C, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x32, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x94, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x85, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3A, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xC, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3F, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x28, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x33, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xFE, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x3F, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x38, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0,
+    ];
+
+    public byte[] TextTransformVert { get; } =
+    [
+        0x3, 0x2, 0x23, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0,
+        0x8, 0x0, 0x2D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x11, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x4C, 0x53, 0x4C,
+        0x2E, 0x73, 0x74, 0x64, 0x2E, 0x34, 0x35, 0x30, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0xE, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xF, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6E,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xD, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x19, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x25, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x27, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x29, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0,
+        0x3, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xC2, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x5, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6D, 0x61,
+        0x69, 0x6E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x67, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x50, 0x65, 0x72,
+        0x56, 0x65, 0x72, 0x74, 0x65, 0x78, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x67, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x50, 0x6F, 0x73, 0x69, 0x74,
+        0x69, 0x6F, 0x6E, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x67, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x50,
+        0x6F, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x74, 0x53, 0x69, 0x7A, 0x65, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x67, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x43, 0x6C, 0x69,
+        0x70, 0x44, 0x69, 0x73, 0x74, 0x61, 0x6E, 0x63, 0x65, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x67, 0x6C, 0x5F, 0x43, 0x75, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x44,
+        0x69, 0x73, 0x74, 0x61, 0x6E, 0x63, 0x65, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x3, 0x0, 0xD, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x5, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x11, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x55, 0x42,
+        0x4F, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x11, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x56, 0x69, 0x65, 0x77, 0x50, 0x72,
+        0x6F, 0x6A, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6F, 0x6E, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x5, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x13, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x75, 0x62,
+        0x6F, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x19, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x69, 0x6E, 0x50, 0x6F, 0x73, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x5, 0x0, 0x25, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6F, 0x75, 0x74, 0x54,
+        0x65, 0x78, 0x43, 0x6F, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x64, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x5, 0x0, 0x27, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x54, 0x65,
+        0x78, 0x43, 0x6F, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x64, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x5, 0x0, 0x29, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6F, 0x75, 0x74, 0x43,
+        0x6F, 0x6C, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x43, 0x6F,
+        0x6C, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x0, 0x48, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x48, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x48, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x48, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x48, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x11, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x48, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x11, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x23, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x48, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x11, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x10, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x11, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x13, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x22, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x47, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x13, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x21, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x19, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x25, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x27, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x29, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x47, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x13, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0,
+        0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x21, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x16, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x17, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x15, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x8, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x8, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1C, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0xA, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xA, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0xA, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0xC, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0xC, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0xD, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x15, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0xE, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0xE, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0xF, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x18, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x10, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0,
+        0x11, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x10, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x12, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x11, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x12, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x13, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x14, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x10, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x17, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x17, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x18, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x17, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x18, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x19, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x80, 0x3F,
+        0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x21, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x17, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x23, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x24, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x23, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x24, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x25, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x26, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x23, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x26, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x27, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x21, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x29, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x2A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x2A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x36, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xF8, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x41, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x14, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x15, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x13, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xF, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x10, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x16, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x15, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x17, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x19, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x51, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x51, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x51, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x50, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1F, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1B, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x91, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x16, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1F, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x41, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x21, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x22, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xD, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xF, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x22, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x23, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x28, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x27, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3E, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x25, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x28, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x2C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0,
+        0x3, 0x0, 0x29, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0xFD, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x38, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0,
+    ];
+
+    public byte[] VideoYuv2RgbaFrag { get; } =
+    [
+        0x3, 0x2, 0x23, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0,
+        0x8, 0x0, 0x45, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x11, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x4C, 0x53, 0x4C,
+        0x2E, 0x73, 0x74, 0x64, 0x2E, 0x34, 0x35, 0x30, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0xE, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xF, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6E,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x11, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2E, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x10, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0xC2, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x79, 0x75, 0x76, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0xD, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x59, 0x53, 0x61, 0x6D, 0x70, 0x6C, 0x65, 0x72,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x11, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x54, 0x65, 0x78, 0x43, 0x6F, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x64,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x1A, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x55, 0x53, 0x61, 0x6D, 0x70, 0x6C, 0x65, 0x72,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x21, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x56, 0x53, 0x61, 0x6D, 0x70, 0x6C, 0x65, 0x72,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x2E, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x46, 0x72, 0x61, 0x67, 0x43, 0x6F, 0x6C, 0x6F,
+        0x72, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0xD, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x22, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x47, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0xD, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x21, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x11, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x1A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x22, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x1A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x21, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x21, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x22, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x47, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x21, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x21, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x47, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x2E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x13, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x21, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x16, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x17, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x8, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x19, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0,
+        0xA, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1B, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0xA, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0xC, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0xC, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xD, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x17, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0xF, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x10, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xF, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x10, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x11, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x17, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x13, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x15, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x15, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x15, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x16, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x18, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0xC, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x15, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1F, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0xC, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x21, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x15, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x26, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x28, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x80, 0xBD, 0x2B, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x29, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xBF, 0x2C, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x28, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x29, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x29, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x2D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x13, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x2D, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x30, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0xF4, 0xFD, 0x94, 0x3F, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x31, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x32, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x81, 0xE5, 0x3F, 0x2C, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x33, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x30, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x31, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x32, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x35, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x38, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0xAC, 0x1C, 0x5A, 0xBE, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x39, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xB0, 0x72, 0x8, 0xBF,
+        0x2C, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3A, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x30, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x38, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x39, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2, 0x2B, 0x7, 0x40,
+        0x2C, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3F, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x30, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x31, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x42, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x80, 0x3F,
+        0x2B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x15, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x43, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x36, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xF8, 0x0, 0x2, 0x0,
+        0x5, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x8, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xE, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0xD, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0xF, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x12, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x11, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x57, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x13, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x14, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xE, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x12, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x51, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x17, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x14, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x41, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x18, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x19, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x16, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x19, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x17, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0xF, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1C, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x11, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x57, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x13, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1B, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x51, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1D, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x41, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x18, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x1F, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0,
+        0x20, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0xB, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x22, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x21, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0xF, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x23, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x11, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x57, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x13, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x24, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x22, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x23, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x51, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x25, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x24, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x41, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x18, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x27, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x26, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3E, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x27, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x25, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x2B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x81, 0x0,
+        0x5, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x2B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0,
+        0x3, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2F, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x94, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x34, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2F, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x33, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x41, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0,
+        0x35, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x36, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2E, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x16, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0,
+        0x36, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x34, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0,
+        0x4, 0x0, 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x37, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x9, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x94, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x37, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x3A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x41, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x35, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3C, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x1F, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x3C, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x4, 0x0,
+        0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x9, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x94, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x40, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3D, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3F, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x41, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x35, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x41, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x26, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x41, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x40, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x41, 0x0, 0x5, 0x0, 0x35, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x44, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2E, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0,
+        0x43, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x3E, 0x0, 0x3, 0x0, 0x44, 0x0,
+        0x0, 0x0, 0x42, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0xFD, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0,
+        0x38, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0,
+    ];
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/FencePool.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+internal class FencePool
+{
+	private GraphicsDevice GraphicsDevice;
+	private ConcurrentQueue<Fence> Fences = new ConcurrentQueue<Fence>();
+
+	public FencePool(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice)
+	{
+		GraphicsDevice = graphicsDevice;
+	}
+
+	public Fence Obtain()
+	{
+		if (Fences.TryDequeue(out Fence fence))
+		{
+			return fence;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			return new Fence(GraphicsDevice);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void Return(Fence fence)
+	{
+		Fences.Enqueue(fence);
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/Font/Enums.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+public enum HorizontalAlignment
+{
+    Left,
+    Center,
+    Right
+}
+
+public enum VerticalAlignment
+{
+    Baseline,
+    Top,
+    Middle,
+    Bottom
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/Font/Font.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using WellspringCS;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+public unsafe class Font : GraphicsResource
+{
+    public Texture Texture { get; }
+    public float PixelsPerEm { get; }
+    public float DistanceRange { get; }
+
+    internal IntPtr Handle { get; }
+
+    private byte* StringBytes;
+    private int StringBytesLength;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Loads a TTF or OTF font from a path for use in MSDF rendering.
+    /// Note that there must be an msdf-atlas-gen JSON and image file alongside.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns></returns>
+    public static Font Load(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice, CommandBuffer commandBuffer, string fontPath)
+    {
+        FileStream fontFileStream = new FileStream(fontPath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+        void* fontFileByteBuffer = NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint)fontFileStream.Length);
+        Span<byte> fontFileByteSpan = new Span<byte>(fontFileByteBuffer, (int)fontFileStream.Length);
+        fontFileStream.ReadExactly(fontFileByteSpan);
+        fontFileStream.Close();
+
+        FileStream atlasFileStream = new FileStream(Path.ChangeExtension(fontPath, ".json"), FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+        void* atlasFileByteBuffer = NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint)atlasFileStream.Length);
+        Span<byte> atlasFileByteSpan = new Span<byte>(atlasFileByteBuffer, (int)atlasFileStream.Length);
+        atlasFileStream.ReadExactly(atlasFileByteSpan);
+        atlasFileStream.Close();
+
+        IntPtr handle = Wellspring.Wellspring_CreateFont(
+            (IntPtr)fontFileByteBuffer,
+            (uint)fontFileByteSpan.Length,
+            (IntPtr)atlasFileByteBuffer,
+            (uint)atlasFileByteSpan.Length,
+            out float pixelsPerEm,
+            out float distanceRange
+        );
+
+        string imagePath = Path.ChangeExtension(fontPath, ".png");
+        ImageUtils.ImageInfoFromFile(imagePath, out uint width, out uint height, out uint sizeInBytes);
+
+        ResourceUploader uploader = new ResourceUploader(graphicsDevice);
+        Texture texture = uploader.CreateTexture2DFromCompressed(imagePath);
+        uploader.Upload();
+        uploader.Dispose();
+
+        NativeMemory.Free(fontFileByteBuffer);
+        NativeMemory.Free(atlasFileByteBuffer);
+
+        return new Font(graphicsDevice, handle, texture, pixelsPerEm, distanceRange);
+    }
+
+    private Font(GraphicsDevice device, IntPtr handle, Texture texture, float pixelsPerEm, float distanceRange) : base(device)
+    {
+        Handle = handle;
+        Texture = texture;
+        PixelsPerEm = pixelsPerEm;
+        DistanceRange = distanceRange;
+
+        StringBytesLength = 32;
+        StringBytes = (byte*)NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint)StringBytesLength);
+    }
+
+    public unsafe bool TextBounds(
+        string text,
+        int pixelSize,
+        HorizontalAlignment horizontalAlignment,
+        VerticalAlignment verticalAlignment,
+        out Wellspring.Rectangle rectangle
+    )
+    {
+        int byteCount = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetByteCount(text);
+
+        if (StringBytesLength < byteCount)
+        {
+            StringBytes = (byte*)NativeMemory.Realloc(StringBytes, (nuint)byteCount);
+        }
+
+        fixed (char* chars = text)
+        {
+            System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(chars, text.Length, StringBytes, byteCount);
+
+            byte result = Wellspring.Wellspring_TextBounds(
+                Handle,
+                pixelSize,
+                (Wellspring.HorizontalAlignment)horizontalAlignment,
+                (Wellspring.VerticalAlignment)verticalAlignment,
+                (IntPtr)StringBytes,
+                (uint)byteCount,
+                out rectangle
+            );
+
+            if (result == 0)
+            {
+                Log.Warning("Could not decode string: " + text);
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
+    {
+        if (!IsDisposed)
+        {
+            if (disposing)
+            {
+                Texture.Dispose();
+            }
+
+            Wellspring.Wellspring_DestroyFont(Handle);
+        }
+
+        base.Dispose(disposing);
+    }
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/Font/Structs.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+using System.Numerics;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
+public struct FontVertex : IVertexType
+{
+	public Vector3 Position;
+	public Vector2 TexCoord;
+	public Color Color;
+
+	public static VertexElementFormat[] Formats { get; } =
+	[
+		VertexElementFormat.Vector3,
+		VertexElementFormat.Vector2,
+		VertexElementFormat.Color
+	];
+
+	public static uint[] Offsets { get; } =
+	[
+		0,
+		12,
+		20
+	];
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/Font/TextBatch.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+using System.Numerics;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using WellspringCS;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+public unsafe class TextBatch : GraphicsResource
+{
+    public const int INITIAL_CHAR_COUNT = 64;
+    public const int INITIAL_VERTEX_COUNT = INITIAL_CHAR_COUNT * 4;
+    public const int INITIAL_INDEX_COUNT = INITIAL_CHAR_COUNT * 6;
+
+    public IntPtr Handle { get; }
+    public Buffer VertexBuffer { get; protected set; } = null;
+    public Buffer IndexBuffer { get; protected set; } = null;
+    public uint PrimitiveCount { get; protected set; }
+    public Font CurrentFont { get; private set; }
+
+    private readonly GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice;
+    private readonly int stringBytesLength;
+    private TransferBuffer TransferBuffer;
+    private byte* stringBytes;
+
+    public TextBatch(GraphicsDevice device) : base(device)
+    {
+        graphicsDevice = device;
+        Handle = Wellspring.Wellspring_CreateTextBatch();
+
+        stringBytesLength = 128;
+        stringBytes = (byte*)NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint)stringBytesLength);
+
+        VertexBuffer = Buffer.Create<FontVertex>(graphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, INITIAL_VERTEX_COUNT);
+        IndexBuffer = Buffer.Create<uint>(graphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Index, INITIAL_INDEX_COUNT);
+
+        TransferBuffer = TransferBuffer.Create<byte>(
+            graphicsDevice,
+            TransferBufferUsage.Upload,
+            VertexBuffer.Size + IndexBuffer.Size
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Call this to initialize or reset the batch.
+    public void Start(Font font)
+    {
+        Wellspring.Wellspring_StartTextBatch(Handle, font.Handle);
+        CurrentFont = font;
+        PrimitiveCount = 0;
+    }
+
+    // Add text with size and color to the batch
+    public unsafe bool Add(
+        string text,
+        int pixelSize,
+        Color color,
+        HorizontalAlignment horizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left,
+        VerticalAlignment verticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Baseline
+    )
+    {
+        int byteCount = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetByteCount(text);
+
+        if (stringBytesLength < byteCount)
+        {
+            stringBytes = (byte*)NativeMemory.Realloc(stringBytes, (nuint)byteCount);
+        }
+
+        fixed (char* chars = text)
+        {
+            System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(chars, text.Length, stringBytes, byteCount);
+
+            byte result = Wellspring.Wellspring_AddToTextBatch(
+                Handle,
+                pixelSize,
+                new Wellspring.Color { R = color.R, G = color.G, B = color.B, A = color.A },
+                (Wellspring.HorizontalAlignment)horizontalAlignment,
+                (Wellspring.VerticalAlignment)verticalAlignment,
+                (IntPtr)stringBytes,
+                (uint)byteCount
+            );
+
+            if (result == 0)
+            {
+                Log.Warning("Could not decode string: " + text);
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Call this after you have made all the Add calls you want, but before beginning a render pass.
+    public unsafe void UploadBufferData(CommandBuffer commandBuffer)
+    {
+        Wellspring.Wellspring_GetBufferData(
+            Handle,
+            out uint vertexCount,
+            out IntPtr vertexDataPointer,
+            out uint vertexDataLengthInBytes,
+            out IntPtr indexDataPointer,
+            out uint indexDataLengthInBytes
+        );
+
+        Span<byte> vertexSpan = new Span<byte>((void*)vertexDataPointer, (int)vertexDataLengthInBytes);
+        Span<byte> indexSpan = new Span<byte>((void*)indexDataPointer, (int)indexDataLengthInBytes);
+
+        bool newTransferBufferNeeded = false;
+
+        if (VertexBuffer.Size < vertexDataLengthInBytes)
+        {
+            VertexBuffer.Dispose();
+            VertexBuffer = new Buffer(graphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Vertex, vertexDataLengthInBytes);
+            newTransferBufferNeeded = true;
+        }
+
+        if (IndexBuffer.Size < indexDataLengthInBytes)
+        {
+            IndexBuffer.Dispose();
+            IndexBuffer = new Buffer(graphicsDevice, BufferUsageFlags.Index, vertexDataLengthInBytes);
+            newTransferBufferNeeded = true;
+        }
+
+        if (newTransferBufferNeeded)
+        {
+            TransferBuffer.Dispose();
+            TransferBuffer = new TransferBuffer(
+                graphicsDevice,
+                TransferBufferUsage.Upload,
+                VertexBuffer.Size + IndexBuffer.Size
+            );
+        }
+
+        if (vertexDataLengthInBytes > 0 && indexDataLengthInBytes > 0)
+        {
+            TransferBuffer.SetData(vertexSpan, true);
+            TransferBuffer.SetData(indexSpan, (uint)vertexSpan.Length, false);
+
+            CopyPass copyPass = commandBuffer.BeginCopyPass();
+            copyPass.UploadToBuffer(
+                new TransferBufferLocation(TransferBuffer),
+                new BufferRegion(VertexBuffer, 0, (uint)vertexSpan.Length),
+                true
+            );
+            copyPass.UploadToBuffer(
+                new TransferBufferLocation(TransferBuffer, (uint)vertexSpan.Length),
+                new BufferRegion(IndexBuffer, 0, (uint)indexSpan.Length),
+                true
+            );
+            commandBuffer.EndCopyPass(copyPass);
+        }
+
+        PrimitiveCount = vertexCount / 2;
+    }
+
+    // Call this AFTER binding your text pipeline!
+    public void Render(CommandBuffer commandBuffer, RenderPass renderPass, Matrix4x4 transformMatrix)
+    {
+        commandBuffer.PushVertexUniformData(transformMatrix);
+        commandBuffer.PushFragmentUniformData(CurrentFont.DistanceRange);
+
+        renderPass.BindFragmentSampler(
+            new TextureSamplerBinding(
+                CurrentFont.Texture,
+                graphicsDevice.LinearSampler
+            )
+        );
+        renderPass.BindVertexBuffer(VertexBuffer);
+        renderPass.BindIndexBuffer(IndexBuffer, IndexElementSize.ThirtyTwo);
+
+        renderPass.DrawIndexedPrimitives(
+            0,
+            0,
+            PrimitiveCount
+        );
+    }
+
+    protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
+    {
+        if (!IsDisposed)
+        {
+            if (disposing)
+            {
+                VertexBuffer.Dispose();
+                IndexBuffer.Dispose();
+            }
+
+            NativeMemory.Free(stringBytes);
+            Wellspring.Wellspring_DestroyTextBatch(Handle);
+        }
+
+        base.Dispose(disposing);
+    }
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/GraphicsDevice.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using Nerfed.Runtime.Video;
+using RefreshCS;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Manages all graphics-related concerns.
+/// </summary>
+public class GraphicsDevice : IDisposable
+{
+    public IntPtr Handle { get; }
+    public BackendFlags Backend { get; }
+    public bool DebugMode { get; }
+
+    // Built-in video pipeline
+    internal GraphicsPipeline VideoPipeline { get; }
+
+    // Built-in text shader info
+    public Shader TextVertexShader;
+    public Shader TextFragmentShader;
+    public VertexInputState TextVertexInputState { get; }
+
+    // Built-in samplers
+    public Sampler PointSampler { get; }
+    public Sampler LinearSampler { get; }
+
+    public bool IsDisposed { get; private set; }
+
+    internal readonly RenderPassPool RenderPassPool = new RenderPassPool();
+    internal readonly ComputePassPool ComputePassPool = new ComputePassPool();
+    internal readonly CopyPassPool CopyPassPool = new CopyPassPool();
+    private readonly HashSet<GCHandle> resources = new HashSet<GCHandle>();
+    private readonly CommandBufferPool commandBufferPool;
+    private readonly FencePool fencePool;
+
+    internal GraphicsDevice(BackendFlags preferredBackends)
+    {
+        if (preferredBackends == BackendFlags.Invalid)
+        {
+            throw new System.Exception("Could not set graphics backend!");
+        }
+
+        bool debugMode = false;
+#if DEBUG
+        debugMode = true;
+#endif
+
+        Handle = Refresh.Refresh_CreateDevice((Refresh.BackendFlags)preferredBackends, Conversions.BoolToInt(debugMode));
+
+        DebugMode = debugMode;
+        // TODO: check for CreateDevice fail
+
+        Backend = (BackendFlags)Refresh.Refresh_GetBackend(Handle);
+
+        IEmbeddedShaders embeddedShaders;
+        switch (Backend)
+        {
+            case BackendFlags.Vulkan:
+                embeddedShaders = new EmbeddedShadersSpirV();
+                break;
+            case BackendFlags.D3D11:
+                throw new NotImplementedException("D3D11 embedded shaders");
+                break;
+            case BackendFlags.Metal:
+                throw new NotImplementedException("Metal embedded shaders");
+                break;
+            default: throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
+        }
+
+        Shader fullscreenVertShader;
+        Shader textVertShader;
+        Shader textFragShader;
+        Shader videoFragShader;
+
+        using (MemoryStream fullscreenVertStream = new MemoryStream(embeddedShaders.FullscreenVert))
+        {
+            fullscreenVertShader = new Shader(
+                this,
+                fullscreenVertStream,
+                "main",
+                new ShaderCreateInfo
+                {
+                    ShaderStage = ShaderStage.Vertex,
+                    ShaderFormat = embeddedShaders.ShaderFormat
+                }
+            );
+        }
+
+        using (MemoryStream videoYuv2RgbaFragStream = new MemoryStream(embeddedShaders.VideoYuv2RgbaFrag))
+        {
+            videoFragShader = new Shader(
+                this,
+                videoYuv2RgbaFragStream,
+                "main",
+                new ShaderCreateInfo
+                {
+                    ShaderStage = ShaderStage.Fragment,
+                    ShaderFormat = embeddedShaders.ShaderFormat,
+                    SamplerCount = 3
+                }
+            );
+        }
+
+        using (MemoryStream textTransformVertStream = new MemoryStream(embeddedShaders.TextTransformVert))
+        {
+            textVertShader = new Shader(
+                this,
+                textTransformVertStream,
+                "main",
+                new ShaderCreateInfo
+                {
+                    ShaderStage = ShaderStage.Vertex,
+                    ShaderFormat = embeddedShaders.ShaderFormat,
+                    UniformBufferCount = 1
+                }
+            );
+        }
+
+        using (MemoryStream textMsdfFragStream = new MemoryStream(embeddedShaders.TextMsdfFrag))
+        {
+            textFragShader = new Shader(
+                this,
+                textMsdfFragStream,
+                "main",
+                new ShaderCreateInfo
+                {
+                    ShaderStage = ShaderStage.Fragment,
+                    ShaderFormat = embeddedShaders.ShaderFormat,
+                    SamplerCount = 1,
+                    UniformBufferCount = 1
+                }
+            );
+        }
+
+        VideoPipeline = new GraphicsPipeline(
+            this,
+            new GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo
+            {
+                AttachmentInfo = new GraphicsPipelineAttachmentInfo(
+                    new ColorAttachmentDescription(
+                        TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8,
+                        ColorAttachmentBlendState.None
+                    )
+                ),
+                DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Disable,
+                VertexShader = fullscreenVertShader,
+                FragmentShader = videoFragShader,
+                VertexInputState = VertexInputState.Empty,
+                RasterizerState = RasterizerState.CCW_CullNone,
+                PrimitiveType = PrimitiveType.TriangleList,
+                MultisampleState = MultisampleState.None
+            }
+        );
+
+        TextVertexShader = textVertShader;
+        TextFragmentShader = textFragShader;
+
+        TextVertexInputState = VertexInputState.CreateSingleBinding<FontVertex>();
+
+        PointSampler = new Sampler(this, SamplerCreateInfo.PointClamp);
+        LinearSampler = new Sampler(this, SamplerCreateInfo.LinearClamp);
+
+        fencePool = new FencePool(this);
+        commandBufferPool = new CommandBufferPool(this);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Prepares a window so that frames can be presented to it.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="swapchainComposition">The desired composition of the swapchain. Ignore this unless you are using HDR or tonemapping.</param>
+    /// <param name="presentMode">The desired presentation mode for the window. Roughly equivalent to V-Sync.</param>
+    /// <returns>True if successfully claimed.</returns>
+    public bool ClaimWindow(
+        Window window,
+        SwapchainComposition swapchainComposition,
+        PresentMode presentMode
+    )
+    {
+        if (window.Claimed)
+        {
+            Log.Error("Window already claimed!");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        bool success = Conversions.IntToBool(
+            Refresh.Refresh_ClaimWindow(
+                Handle,
+                window.Handle,
+                (Refresh.SwapchainComposition)swapchainComposition,
+                (Refresh.PresentMode)presentMode
+            )
+        );
+
+        if (success)
+        {
+            window.Claimed = true;
+            window.SwapchainComposition = swapchainComposition;
+            window.SwapchainFormat = GetSwapchainFormat(window);
+
+            if (window.SwapchainTexture == null)
+            {
+                window.SwapchainTexture = new Texture(this, window.SwapchainFormat);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return success;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Unclaims a window, making it unavailable for presenting and freeing associated resources.
+    /// </summary>
+    public void UnclaimWindow(Window window)
+    {
+        if (window.Claimed)
+        {
+            Refresh.Refresh_UnclaimWindow(
+                Handle,
+                window.Handle
+            );
+            window.Claimed = false;
+
+            // The swapchain texture doesn't actually have a permanent texture reference, so we zero the handle before disposing.
+            window.SwapchainTexture.Handle = IntPtr.Zero;
+            window.SwapchainTexture.Dispose();
+            window.SwapchainTexture = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Changes the present mode of a claimed window. Does nothing if the window is not claimed.
+    /// </summary>
+    public bool SetSwapchainParameters(
+        Window window,
+        SwapchainComposition swapchainComposition,
+        PresentMode presentMode
+    )
+    {
+        if (!window.Claimed)
+        {
+            Log.Error("Cannot set present mode on unclaimed window!");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        bool success = Conversions.IntToBool(
+            Refresh.Refresh_SetSwapchainParameters(
+                Handle,
+                window.Handle,
+                (Refresh.SwapchainComposition)swapchainComposition,
+                (Refresh.PresentMode)presentMode
+            )
+        );
+
+        if (success)
+        {
+            window.SwapchainComposition = swapchainComposition;
+            window.SwapchainFormat = GetSwapchainFormat(window);
+
+            if (window.SwapchainTexture != null)
+            {
+                window.SwapchainTexture.Format = window.SwapchainFormat;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return success;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Acquires a command buffer.
+    /// This is the start of your rendering process.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns></returns>
+    public CommandBuffer AcquireCommandBuffer()
+    {
+        CommandBuffer commandBuffer = commandBufferPool.Obtain();
+        commandBuffer.SetHandle(Refresh.Refresh_AcquireCommandBuffer(Handle));
+#if DEBUG
+        commandBuffer.ResetStateTracking();
+#endif
+        return commandBuffer;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Submits a command buffer to the GPU for processing.
+    /// </summary>
+    public void Submit(CommandBuffer commandBuffer)
+    {
+#if DEBUG
+        if (commandBuffer.Submitted)
+        {
+            throw new System.InvalidOperationException("Command buffer already submitted!");
+        }
+#endif
+
+        Refresh.Refresh_Submit(
+            commandBuffer.Handle
+        );
+
+        commandBufferPool.Return(commandBuffer);
+
+#if DEBUG
+        commandBuffer.Submitted = true;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Submits a command buffer to the GPU for processing and acquires a fence associated with the submission.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns></returns>
+    public Fence SubmitAndAcquireFence(CommandBuffer commandBuffer)
+    {
+        IntPtr fenceHandle = Refresh.Refresh_SubmitAndAcquireFence(
+            commandBuffer.Handle
+        );
+
+        Fence fence = fencePool.Obtain();
+        fence.SetHandle(fenceHandle);
+
+        return fence;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Wait for the graphics device to become idle.
+    /// </summary>
+    public void Wait()
+    {
+        Refresh.Refresh_Wait(Handle);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Waits for the given fence to become signaled.
+    /// </summary>
+    public unsafe void WaitForFence(Fence fence)
+    {
+        IntPtr fenceHandle = fence.Handle;
+
+        Refresh.Refresh_WaitForFences(
+            Handle,
+            1,
+            &fenceHandle,
+            1
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Wait for one or more fences to become signaled.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="waitAll">If true, will wait for all given fences to be signaled.</param>
+    public unsafe void WaitForFences(Span<Fence> fences, bool waitAll)
+    {
+        IntPtr* handlePtr = stackalloc nint[fences.Length];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < fences.Length; i += 1)
+        {
+            handlePtr[i] = fences[i].Handle;
+        }
+
+        Refresh.Refresh_WaitForFences(
+            Handle,
+            Conversions.BoolToInt(waitAll),
+            handlePtr,
+            (uint)fences.Length
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Returns true if the fence is signaled, indicating that the associated command buffer has finished processing.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">Throws if the fence query indicates that the graphics device has been lost.</exception>
+    public bool QueryFence(Fence fence)
+    {
+        int result = Refresh.Refresh_QueryFence(Handle, fence.Handle);
+
+        if (result < 0)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("The graphics device has been lost.");
+        }
+
+        return result != 0;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Release reference to an acquired fence, enabling it to be reused.
+    /// </summary>
+    public void ReleaseFence(Fence fence)
+    {
+        Refresh.Refresh_ReleaseFence(Handle, fence.Handle);
+        fence.Handle = IntPtr.Zero;
+        fencePool.Return(fence);
+    }
+
+    private TextureFormat GetSwapchainFormat(Window window)
+    {
+        if (!window.Claimed)
+        {
+            throw new System.ArgumentException("Cannot get swapchain format of unclaimed window!");
+        }
+
+        return (TextureFormat)Refresh.Refresh_GetSwapchainTextureFormat(Handle, window.Handle);
+    }
+
+    internal void AddResourceReference(GCHandle resourceReference)
+    {
+        lock (resources)
+        {
+            resources.Add(resourceReference);
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal void RemoveResourceReference(GCHandle resourceReference)
+    {
+        lock (resources)
+        {
+            resources.Remove(resourceReference);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void Dispose(bool disposing)
+    {
+        if (!IsDisposed)
+        {
+            if (disposing)
+            {
+                lock (resources)
+                {
+                    // Dispose video players first to avoid race condition on threaded decoding
+                    foreach (GCHandle resource in resources)
+                    {
+                        if (resource.Target is VideoPlayer player)
+                        {
+                            player.Dispose();
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Dispose everything else
+                    foreach (GCHandle resource in resources)
+                    {
+                        if (resource.Target is IDisposable disposable)
+                        {
+                            disposable.Dispose();
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    resources.Clear();
+                }
+            }
+
+            Refresh.Refresh_DestroyDevice(Handle);
+
+            IsDisposed = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ~GraphicsDevice()
+    {
+        // Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+        Dispose(disposing: false);
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        // Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+        Dispose(disposing: true);
+        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+    }
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/GraphicsResource.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+public abstract class GraphicsResource : IDisposable
+{
+    public GraphicsDevice Device { get; }
+
+    private GCHandle SelfReference;
+
+    public bool IsDisposed { get; private set; }
+
+    protected GraphicsResource(GraphicsDevice device)
+    {
+        Device = device;
+
+        SelfReference = GCHandle.Alloc(this, GCHandleType.Weak);
+        Device.AddResourceReference(SelfReference);
+    }
+
+    protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+    {
+        if (!IsDisposed)
+        {
+            if (disposing)
+            {
+                Device.RemoveResourceReference(SelfReference);
+                SelfReference.Free();
+            }
+
+            IsDisposed = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ~GraphicsResource()
+    {
+#if DEBUG
+        // If you see this log message, you leaked a graphics resource without disposing it!
+        // We'll try to clean it up for you but you really should fix this.
+        Log.Warning($"A resource of type {GetType().Name} was not Disposed.");
+#endif
+
+        Dispose(false);
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        // Do not change this code. Put cleanup code in 'Dispose(bool disposing)' method
+        Dispose(disposing: true);
+        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+    }
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/IEmbeddedShaders.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+internal interface IEmbeddedShaders
+{
+    ShaderFormat ShaderFormat { get; }
+    byte[] FullscreenVert { get; }
+    byte[] TextMsdfFrag { get; }
+    byte[] TextTransformVert { get; }
+    byte[] VideoYuv2RgbaFrag { get; }
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/IVertexType.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Can be defined on your struct type to enable simplified vertex input state definition.
+/// </summary>
+public interface IVertexType
+{
+	/// <summary>
+	/// An ordered list of the types in your vertex struct.
+	/// </summary>
+	static abstract VertexElementFormat[] Formats { get; }
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// An ordered list of the offsets in your vertex struct.
+	/// </summary>
+	static abstract uint[] Offsets { get; }
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/ImageUtils.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using RefreshCS;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+public static class ImageUtils
+{
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets pointer to pixel data from compressed image byte data.
+	///
+	/// The returned pointer must be freed by calling FreePixelData.
+	/// </summary>
+	public static unsafe byte* GetPixelDataFromBytes(
+		Span<byte> data,
+		out uint width,
+		out uint height,
+		out uint sizeInBytes
+	) {
+		fixed (byte* ptr = data)
+		{
+			byte* pixelData =
+				Refresh.Refresh_Image_Load(
+				ptr,
+				data.Length,
+				out int w,
+				out int h,
+				out int len
+			);
+
+			width = (uint) w;
+			height = (uint) h;
+			sizeInBytes = (uint) len;
+
+			return pixelData;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets pointer to pixel data from a compressed image stream.
+	///
+	/// The returned pointer must be freed by calling FreePixelData.
+	/// </summary>
+	public static unsafe byte* GetPixelDataFromStream(
+		Stream stream,
+		out uint width,
+		out uint height,
+		out uint sizeInBytes
+	) {
+		long length = stream.Length;
+		void* buffer = NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) length);
+		Span<byte> span = new Span<byte>(buffer, (int) length);
+		stream.ReadExactly(span);
+
+		byte* pixelData = GetPixelDataFromBytes(span, out width, out height, out sizeInBytes);
+
+		NativeMemory.Free(buffer);
+
+		return pixelData;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets pointer to pixel data from a compressed image file.
+	///
+	/// The returned pointer must be freed by calling FreePixelData.
+	/// </summary>
+	public static unsafe byte* GetPixelDataFromFile(
+		string path,
+		out uint width,
+		out uint height,
+		out uint sizeInBytes
+	) {
+		FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+		return GetPixelDataFromStream(fileStream, out width, out height, out sizeInBytes);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Get metadata from compressed image bytes.
+	/// </summary>
+	public static unsafe bool ImageInfoFromBytes(
+		Span<byte> data,
+		out uint width,
+		out uint height,
+		out uint sizeInBytes
+	) {
+		fixed (byte* ptr = data)
+		{
+			int result =
+				Refresh.Refresh_Image_Info(
+				ptr,
+				data.Length,
+				out int w,
+				out int h,
+				out int len
+			);
+
+			width = (uint) w;
+			height = (uint) h;
+			sizeInBytes = (uint) len;
+
+			return Conversions.IntToBool(result);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Get metadata from a compressed image stream.
+	/// </summary>
+	public static unsafe bool ImageInfoFromStream(
+		Stream stream,
+		out uint width,
+		out uint height,
+		out uint sizeInBytes
+	) {
+		long length = stream.Length;
+		void* buffer = NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) length);
+		Span<byte> span = new Span<byte>(buffer, (int) length);
+		stream.ReadExactly(span);
+
+		bool result = ImageInfoFromBytes(span, out width, out height, out sizeInBytes);
+
+		NativeMemory.Free(buffer);
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Get metadata from a compressed image file.
+	/// </summary>
+	public static bool ImageInfoFromFile(
+		string path,
+		out uint width,
+		out uint height,
+		out uint sizeInBytes
+	) {
+		FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+		return ImageInfoFromStream(fileStream, out width, out height, out sizeInBytes);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Frees pixel data obtained from GetPixelData methods.
+	/// </summary>
+	public unsafe static void FreePixelData(byte* pixels)
+	{
+		Refresh.Refresh_Image_Free(pixels);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Saves pixel data contained in a TransferBuffer to a PNG file.
+	/// </summary>
+	public static unsafe void SavePNG(
+		string path,
+		TransferBuffer transferBuffer,
+		uint bufferOffsetInBytes,
+		int width,
+		int height,
+		bool bgra
+	) {
+		int sizeInBytes = width * height * 4;
+
+		byte* pixelsPtr = (byte*) NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) sizeInBytes);
+		Span<byte> pixelsSpan = new Span<byte>(pixelsPtr, sizeInBytes);
+
+		transferBuffer.GetData(pixelsSpan, bufferOffsetInBytes);
+
+		if (bgra)
+		{
+			// if data is bgra, we have to swap the R and B channels
+			byte* rgbaPtr = (byte*) NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) sizeInBytes);
+			Span<byte> rgbaSpan = new Span<byte>(rgbaPtr, sizeInBytes);
+
+			for (int i = 0; i < sizeInBytes; i += 4)
+			{
+				rgbaSpan[i] = pixelsSpan[i + 2];
+				rgbaSpan[i + 1] = pixelsSpan[i + 1];
+				rgbaSpan[i + 2] = pixelsSpan[i];
+				rgbaSpan[i + 3] = pixelsSpan[i + 3];
+			}
+
+			NativeMemory.Free(pixelsPtr);
+			pixelsPtr = rgbaPtr;
+		}
+
+		Refresh.Refresh_Image_SavePNG(path, pixelsPtr, width, height);
+		NativeMemory.Free(pixelsPtr);
+	}
+
+	// DDS loading extension, based on MojoDDS
+	// Taken from https://github.com/FNA-XNA/FNA/blob/1e49f868f595f62bc6385db45949a03186a7cd7f/src/Graphics/Texture.cs#L194
+	public static void ParseDDS(
+		BinaryReader reader,
+		out TextureFormat format,
+		out int width,
+		out int height,
+		out int levels,
+		out bool isCube
+	) {
+		// A whole bunch of magic numbers, yay DDS!
+		const uint DDS_MAGIC = 0x20534444;
+		const uint DDS_HEADERSIZE = 124;
+		const uint DDS_PIXFMTSIZE = 32;
+		const uint DDSD_HEIGHT = 0x2;
+		const uint DDSD_WIDTH = 0x4;
+		const uint DDSD_PITCH = 0x8;
+		const uint DDSD_LINEARSIZE = 0x80000;
+		const uint DDSD_REQ = (
+			DDSD_HEIGHT | DDSD_WIDTH
+		);
+		const uint DDSCAPS_MIPMAP = 0x400000;
+		const uint DDSCAPS_TEXTURE = 0x1000;
+		const uint DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP = 0x200;
+		const uint DDPF_FOURCC = 0x4;
+		const uint DDPF_RGB = 0x40;
+		const uint FOURCC_DXT1 = 0x31545844;
+		const uint FOURCC_DXT3 = 0x33545844;
+		const uint FOURCC_DXT5 = 0x35545844;
+		const uint FOURCC_DX10 = 0x30315844;
+		const uint pitchAndLinear = (
+			DDSD_PITCH | DDSD_LINEARSIZE
+		);
+
+		// File should start with 'DDS '
+		if (reader.ReadUInt32() != DDS_MAGIC)
+		{
+			throw new NotSupportedException("Not a DDS!");
+		}
+
+		// Texture info
+		uint size = reader.ReadUInt32();
+		if (size != DDS_HEADERSIZE)
+		{
+			throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid DDS header!");
+		}
+		uint flags = reader.ReadUInt32();
+		if ((flags & DDSD_REQ) != DDSD_REQ)
+		{
+			throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid DDS flags!");
+		}
+		if ((flags & pitchAndLinear) == pitchAndLinear)
+		{
+			throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid DDS flags!");
+		}
+		height = reader.ReadInt32();
+		width = reader.ReadInt32();
+		reader.ReadUInt32(); // dwPitchOrLinearSize, unused
+		reader.ReadUInt32(); // dwDepth, unused
+		levels = reader.ReadInt32();
+
+		// "Reserved"
+		reader.ReadBytes(4 * 11);
+
+		// Format info
+		uint formatSize = reader.ReadUInt32();
+		if (formatSize != DDS_PIXFMTSIZE)
+		{
+			throw new NotSupportedException("Bogus PIXFMTSIZE!");
+		}
+		uint formatFlags = reader.ReadUInt32();
+		uint formatFourCC = reader.ReadUInt32();
+		uint formatRGBBitCount = reader.ReadUInt32();
+		uint formatRBitMask = reader.ReadUInt32();
+		uint formatGBitMask = reader.ReadUInt32();
+		uint formatBBitMask = reader.ReadUInt32();
+		uint formatABitMask = reader.ReadUInt32();
+
+		// dwCaps "stuff"
+		uint caps = reader.ReadUInt32();
+		if ((caps & DDSCAPS_TEXTURE) == 0)
+		{
+			throw new NotSupportedException("Not a texture!");
+		}
+
+		isCube = false;
+
+		uint caps2 = reader.ReadUInt32();
+		if (caps2 != 0)
+		{
+			if ((caps2 & DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP) == DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP)
+			{
+				isCube = true;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				throw new NotSupportedException("Invalid caps2!");
+			}
+		}
+
+		reader.ReadUInt32(); // dwCaps3, unused
+		reader.ReadUInt32(); // dwCaps4, unused
+
+		// "Reserved"
+		reader.ReadUInt32();
+
+		// Mipmap sanity check
+		if ((caps & DDSCAPS_MIPMAP) != DDSCAPS_MIPMAP)
+		{
+			levels = 1;
+		}
+
+		// Determine texture format
+		if ((formatFlags & DDPF_FOURCC) == DDPF_FOURCC)
+		{
+			switch (formatFourCC)
+			{
+				case 0x71: // D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16F
+					format = TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT;
+					break;
+				case 0x74: // D3DFMT_A32B32G32R32F
+					format = TextureFormat.R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT;
+					break;
+				case FOURCC_DXT1:
+					format = TextureFormat.BC1;
+					break;
+				case FOURCC_DXT3:
+					format = TextureFormat.BC2;
+					break;
+				case FOURCC_DXT5:
+					format = TextureFormat.BC3;
+					break;
+				case FOURCC_DX10:
+					// If the fourCC is DX10, there is an extra header with additional format information.
+					uint dxgiFormat = reader.ReadUInt32();
+
+					// These values are taken from the DXGI_FORMAT enum.
+					switch (dxgiFormat)
+					{
+						case 2:
+							format = TextureFormat.R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT;
+							break;
+
+						case 10:
+							format = TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT;
+							break;
+
+						case 71:
+							format = TextureFormat.BC1;
+							break;
+
+						case 74:
+							format = TextureFormat.BC2;
+							break;
+
+						case 77:
+							format = TextureFormat.BC3;
+							break;
+
+						case 98:
+							format = TextureFormat.BC7;
+							break;
+
+						default:
+							throw new NotSupportedException(
+								"Unsupported DDS texture format"
+							);
+					}
+
+					uint resourceDimension = reader.ReadUInt32();
+
+					// These values are taken from the D3D10_RESOURCE_DIMENSION enum.
+					switch (resourceDimension)
+					{
+						case 0: // Unknown
+						case 1: // Buffer
+							throw new NotSupportedException(
+								"Unsupported DDS texture format"
+							);
+						default:
+							break;
+					}
+
+					/*
+					 * This flag seemingly only indicates if the texture is a cube map.
+					 * This is already determined above. Cool!
+					 */
+					uint miscFlag = reader.ReadUInt32();
+
+					/*
+					 * Indicates the number of elements in the texture array.
+					 * We don't support texture arrays so just throw if it's greater than 1.
+					 */
+					uint arraySize = reader.ReadUInt32();
+
+					if (arraySize > 1)
+					{
+						throw new NotSupportedException(
+							"Unsupported DDS texture format"
+						);
+					}
+
+					reader.ReadUInt32(); // reserved
+
+					break;
+				default:
+					throw new NotSupportedException(
+						"Unsupported DDS texture format"
+					);
+			}
+		}
+		else if ((formatFlags & DDPF_RGB) == DDPF_RGB)
+		{
+			if (	formatRGBBitCount != 32 ||
+				formatRBitMask != 0x00FF0000 ||
+				formatGBitMask != 0x0000FF00 ||
+				formatBBitMask != 0x000000FF ||
+				formatABitMask != 0xFF000000	)
+			{
+				throw new NotSupportedException(
+					"Unsupported DDS texture format"
+				);
+			}
+
+			format = TextureFormat.B8G8R8A8;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			throw new NotSupportedException(
+				"Unsupported DDS texture format"
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static int CalculateDDSLevelSize(
+		int width,
+		int height,
+		TextureFormat format
+	) {
+		if (format == TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8)
+		{
+			return (((width * 32) + 7) / 8) * height;
+		}
+		else if (format == TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT)
+		{
+			return (((width * 64) + 7) / 8) * height;
+		}
+		else if (format == TextureFormat.R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT)
+		{
+			return (((width * 128) + 7) / 8) * height;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			int blockSize = 16;
+			if (format == TextureFormat.BC1)
+			{
+				blockSize = 8;
+			}
+			width = System.Math.Max(width, 1);
+			height = System.Math.Max(height, 1);
+			return (
+				((width + 3) / 4) *
+				((height + 3) / 4) *
+				blockSize
+			);
+		}
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/PackedVector/Alpha8.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+/* MoonWorks - Game Development Framework
+ * Copyright 2021 Evan Hemsley
+ */
+
+/* Derived from code by Ethan Lee (Copyright 2009-2021).
+ * Released under the Microsoft Public License.
+ * See fna.LICENSE for details.
+
+ * Derived from code by the Mono.Xna Team (Copyright 2006).
+ * Released under the MIT License. See monoxna.LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+using System.Numerics;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics.PackedVector;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Packed vector type containing unsigned normalized values ranging from 0 to 1.
+/// The x and z components use 5 bits, and the y component uses 6 bits.
+/// </summary>
+public struct Alpha8 : IPackedVector<byte>, IEquatable<Alpha8>, IPackedVector
+{
+	#region Public Properties
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets and sets the packed value.
+	/// </summary>
+	public byte PackedValue
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return packedValue;
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			packedValue = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Variables
+
+	private byte packedValue;
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Constructor
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a new instance of Alpha8.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="alpha">The alpha component</param>
+	public Alpha8(float alpha)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(alpha);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets the packed vector in float format.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>The packed vector in Vector3 format</returns>
+	public float ToAlpha()
+	{
+		return (float) (packedValue / 255.0f);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region IPackedVector Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Sets the packed vector from a Vector4.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">Vector containing the components.</param>
+	void IPackedVector.PackFromVector4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.W);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets the packed vector in Vector4 format.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>The packed vector in Vector4 format</returns>
+	Vector4 IPackedVector.ToVector4()
+	{
+		return new Vector4(
+			0.0f,
+			0.0f,
+			0.0f,
+			(float) (packedValue / 255.0f)
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Static Operators and Override Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Compares an object with the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="obj">The object to compare.</param>
+	/// <returns>True if the object is equal to the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override bool Equals(object obj)
+	{
+		return (obj is Alpha8) && Equals((Alpha8) obj);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Compares another Bgra5551 packed vector with the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="other">The Bgra5551 packed vector to compare.</param>
+	/// <returns>True if the packed vectors are equal.</returns>
+	public bool Equals(Alpha8 other)
+	{
+		return packedValue == other.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets a string representation of the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>A string representation of the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override string ToString()
+	{
+		return packedValue.ToString("X");
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets a hash code of the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>The hash code for the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override int GetHashCode()
+	{
+		return packedValue.GetHashCode();
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator ==(Alpha8 lhs, Alpha8 rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs.packedValue == rhs.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator !=(Alpha8 lhs, Alpha8 rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs.packedValue != rhs.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Static Pack Method
+
+	private static byte Pack(float alpha)
+	{
+		return (byte) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(alpha, 0, 1) * 255.0f);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/PackedVector/Bgr565.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+#region License
+
+/* MoonWorks - Game Development Framework
+ * Copyright 2021 Evan Hemsley
+ */
+
+/* Derived from code by Ethan Lee (Copyright 2009-2021).
+ * Released under the Microsoft Public License.
+ * See fna.LICENSE for details.
+
+ * Derived from code by the Mono.Xna Team (Copyright 2006).
+ * Released under the MIT License. See monoxna.LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+#endregion
+
+#region Using Statements
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+#endregion
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics.PackedVector;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Packed vector type containing unsigned normalized values ranging from 0 to 1.
+/// The x and z components use 5 bits, and the y component uses 6 bits.
+/// </summary>
+public struct Bgr565 : IPackedVector<ushort>, IEquatable<Bgr565>, IPackedVector
+{
+	#region Public Properties
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets and sets the packed value.
+	/// </summary>
+	public ushort PackedValue
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return packedValue;
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			packedValue = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Variables
+
+	private ushort packedValue;
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Constructors
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a new instance of Bgr565.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="x">The x component</param>
+	/// <param name="y">The y component</param>
+	/// <param name="z">The z component</param>
+	public Bgr565(float x, float y, float z)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(x, y, z);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a new instance of Bgr565.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">
+	/// Vector containing the components for the packed vector.
+	/// </param>
+	public Bgr565(Vector3 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y, vector.Z);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets the packed vector in Vector3 format.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>The packed vector in Vector3 format</returns>
+	public Vector3 ToVector3()
+	{
+		return new Vector3(
+			(packedValue >> 11) / 31.0f,
+			((packedValue >> 5) & 0x3F) / 63.0f,
+			(packedValue & 0x1F) / 31.0f
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region IPackedVector Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Sets the packed vector from a Vector4.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">Vector containing the components.</param>
+	void IPackedVector.PackFromVector4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		Pack(vector.X, vector.Y, vector.Z);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets the packed vector in Vector4 format.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>The packed vector in Vector4 format</returns>
+	Vector4 IPackedVector.ToVector4()
+	{
+		return new Vector4(ToVector3(), 1.0f);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Static Operators and Override Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Compares an object with the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="obj">The object to compare.</param>
+	/// <returns>True if the object is equal to the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override bool Equals(object obj)
+	{
+		return (obj is Bgr565) && Equals((Bgr565) obj);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Compares another Bgr565 packed vector with the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="other">The Bgr565 packed vector to compare.</param>
+	/// <returns>True if the packed vectors are equal.</returns>
+	public bool Equals(Bgr565 other)
+	{
+		return packedValue == other.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets a string representation of the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>A string representation of the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override string ToString()
+	{
+		return packedValue.ToString("X");
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets a hash code of the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>The hash code for the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override int GetHashCode()
+	{
+		return packedValue.GetHashCode();
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator ==(Bgr565 lhs, Bgr565 rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs.packedValue == rhs.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator !=(Bgr565 lhs, Bgr565 rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs.packedValue != rhs.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Static Pack Method
+
+	private static ushort Pack(float x, float y, float z)
+	{
+		return (ushort) (
+			(((ushort) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(x, 0, 1) * 31.0f)) << 11) |
+			(((ushort) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(y, 0, 1) * 63.0f)) << 5) |
+			((ushort) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(z, 0, 1) * 31.0f))
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/PackedVector/Bgra4444.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+#region License
+
+/* MoonWorks - Game Development Framework
+ * Copyright 2021 Evan Hemsley
+ */
+
+/* Derived from code by Ethan Lee (Copyright 2009-2021).
+ * Released under the Microsoft Public License.
+ * See fna.LICENSE for details.
+
+ * Derived from code by the Mono.Xna Team (Copyright 2006).
+ * Released under the MIT License. See monoxna.LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+#endregion
+
+#region Using Statements
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+#endregion
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics.PackedVector;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Packed vector type containing unsigned normalized values, ranging from 0 to 1, using
+/// 4 bits each for x, y, z, and w.
+/// </summary>
+public struct Bgra4444 : IPackedVector<ushort>, IEquatable<Bgra4444>
+{
+	#region Public Properties
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets and sets the packed value.
+	/// </summary>
+	public ushort PackedValue
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return packedValue;
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			packedValue = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Variables
+
+	private ushort packedValue;
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Constructors
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a new instance of Bgra4444.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="x">The x component</param>
+	/// <param name="y">The y component</param>
+	/// <param name="z">The z component</param>
+	/// <param name="w">The w component</param>
+	public Bgra4444(float x, float y, float z, float w)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(x, y, z, w);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a new instance of Bgra4444.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">
+	/// Vector containing the components for the packed vector.
+	/// </param>
+	public Bgra4444(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y, vector.Z, vector.W);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets the packed vector in Vector4 format.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>The packed vector in Vector4 format</returns>
+	public Vector4 ToVector4()
+	{
+		return new Vector4(
+			((packedValue >> 8) & 0x0F) / 15.0f,
+			((packedValue >> 4) & 0x0F) / 15.0f,
+			(packedValue & 0x0F) / 15.0f,
+			(packedValue >> 12) / 15.0f
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region IPackedVector Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Sets the packed vector from a Vector4.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">Vector containing the components.</param>
+	void IPackedVector.PackFromVector4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y, vector.Z, vector.W);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Static Operators and Override Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Compares an object with the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="obj">The object to compare.</param>
+	/// <returns>True if the object is equal to the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override bool Equals(object obj)
+	{
+		return (obj is Bgra4444) && Equals((Bgra4444) obj);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Compares another Bgra4444 packed vector with the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="other">The Bgra4444 packed vector to compare.</param>
+	/// <returns>True if the packed vectors are equal.</returns>
+	public bool Equals(Bgra4444 other)
+	{
+		return packedValue == other.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets a string representation of the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>A string representation of the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override string ToString()
+	{
+		return packedValue.ToString("X");
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets a hash code of the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>The hash code for the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override int GetHashCode()
+	{
+		return packedValue.GetHashCode();
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator ==(Bgra4444 lhs, Bgra4444 rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs.packedValue == rhs.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator !=(Bgra4444 lhs, Bgra4444 rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs.packedValue != rhs.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Static Pack Method
+
+	private static ushort Pack(float x, float y, float z, float w)
+	{
+		return (ushort) (
+			(((ushort) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(x, 0, 1) * 15.0f)) << 8) |
+			(((ushort) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(y, 0, 1) * 15.0f)) << 4) |
+			((ushort) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(z, 0, 1) * 15.0f)) |
+			(((ushort) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(w, 0, 1) * 15.0f)) << 12)
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/PackedVector/Bgra5551.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+#region License
+
+/* MoonWorks - Game Development Framework
+ * Copyright 2021 Evan Hemsley
+ */
+
+/* Derived from code by Ethan Lee (Copyright 2009-2021).
+ * Released under the Microsoft Public License.
+ * See fna.LICENSE for details.
+
+ * Derived from code by the Mono.Xna Team (Copyright 2006).
+ * Released under the MIT License. See monoxna.LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+#endregion
+
+#region Using Statements
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+#endregion
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics.PackedVector;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Packed vector type containing unsigned normalized values ranging from 0 to 1.
+/// The x and z components use 5 bits, and the y component uses 6 bits.
+/// </summary>
+public struct Bgra5551 : IPackedVector<ushort>, IEquatable<Bgra5551>, IPackedVector
+{
+	#region Public Properties
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets and sets the packed value.
+	/// </summary>
+	public ushort PackedValue
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return packedValue;
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			packedValue = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Variables
+
+	private ushort packedValue;
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Constructors
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a new instance of Bgra5551.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="x">The x component</param>
+	/// <param name="y">The y component</param>
+	/// <param name="z">The z component</param>
+	/// <param name="w">The w component</param>
+	public Bgra5551(float x, float y, float z, float w)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(x, y, z, w);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a new instance of Bgra5551.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">
+	/// Vector containing the components for the packed vector.
+	/// </param>
+	public Bgra5551(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y, vector.Z, vector.W);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets the packed vector in Vector4 format.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>The packed vector in Vector4 format</returns>
+	public Vector4 ToVector4()
+	{
+		return new Vector4(
+			((packedValue >> 10) & 0x1F) / 31.0f,
+			((packedValue >> 5) & 0x1F) / 31.0f,
+			(packedValue & 0x1F) / 31.0f,
+			(float) (packedValue >> 15)
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region IPackedVector Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Sets the packed vector from a Vector4.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">Vector containing the components.</param>
+	void IPackedVector.PackFromVector4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y, vector.Z, vector.W);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Static Operators and Override Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Compares an object with the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="obj">The object to compare.</param>
+	/// <returns>True if the object is equal to the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override bool Equals(object obj)
+	{
+		return (obj is Bgra5551) && Equals((Bgra5551) obj);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Compares another Bgra5551 packed vector with the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="other">The Bgra5551 packed vector to compare.</param>
+	/// <returns>True if the packed vectors are equal.</returns>
+	public bool Equals(Bgra5551 other)
+	{
+		return packedValue == other.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets a string representation of the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>A string representation of the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override string ToString()
+	{
+		return packedValue.ToString("X");
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets a hash code of the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>The hash code for the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override int GetHashCode()
+	{
+		return packedValue.GetHashCode();
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator ==(Bgra5551 lhs, Bgra5551 rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs.packedValue == rhs.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator !=(Bgra5551 lhs, Bgra5551 rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs.packedValue != rhs.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Static Pack Method
+
+	private static ushort Pack(float x, float y, float z, float w)
+	{
+		return (ushort) (
+			(((ushort) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(x, 0, 1) * 31.0f)) << 10) |
+			(((ushort) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(y, 0, 1) * 31.0f)) << 5) |
+			((ushort) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(z, 0, 1) * 31.0f)) |
+			((ushort) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(w, 0, 1)) << 15)
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/PackedVector/Byte4.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+#region License
+
+/* MoonWorks - Game Development Framework
+ * Copyright 2021 Evan Hemsley
+ */
+
+/* Derived from code by Ethan Lee (Copyright 2009-2021).
+ * Released under the Microsoft Public License.
+ * See fna.LICENSE for details.
+
+ * Derived from code by the Mono.Xna Team (Copyright 2006).
+ * Released under the MIT License. See monoxna.LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+#endregion
+
+#region Using Statements
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+
+#endregion
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics.PackedVector;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Packed vector type containing four 8-bit unsigned integer values, ranging from 0 to 255.
+/// </summary>
+public struct Byte4 : IPackedVector<uint>, IEquatable<Byte4>, IPackedVector
+{
+	#region Public Properties
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Directly gets or sets the packed representation of the value.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <value>The packed representation of the value.</value>
+	public uint PackedValue
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return packedValue;
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			packedValue = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Variables
+
+	private uint packedValue;
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Constructors
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Initializes a new instance of the Byte4 class.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">
+	/// A vector containing the initial values for the components of the Byte4 structure.
+	/// </param>
+	public Byte4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y, vector.Z, vector.W);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Initializes a new instance of the Byte4 class.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="x">Initial value for the x component.</param>
+	/// <param name="y">Initial value for the y component.</param>
+	/// <param name="z">Initial value for the z component.</param>
+	/// <param name="w">Initial value for the w component.</param>
+	public Byte4(float x, float y, float z, float w)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(x, y, z, w);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Expands the packed representation into a Vector4.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>The expanded vector.</returns>
+	public Vector4 ToVector4()
+	{
+		return new Vector4(
+			(packedValue & 0xFF),
+			((packedValue >> 8) & 0xFF),
+			((packedValue >> 16) & 0xFF),
+			(packedValue >> 24)
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region IPackedVector Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Sets the packed representation from a Vector4.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">The vector to create the packed representation from.</param>
+	void IPackedVector.PackFromVector4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y, vector.Z, vector.W);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Static Operators and Override Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Compares the current instance of a class to another instance to determine
+	/// whether they are different.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="a">The object to the left of the equality operator.</param>
+	/// <param name="b">The object to the right of the equality operator.</param>
+	/// <returns>True if the objects are different; false otherwise.</returns>
+	public static bool operator !=(Byte4 a, Byte4 b)
+	{
+		return a.packedValue != b.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Compares the current instance of a class to another instance to determine
+	/// whether they are the same.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="a">The object to the left of the equality operator.</param>
+	/// <param name="b">The object to the right of the equality operator.</param>
+	/// <returns>True if the objects are the same; false otherwise.</returns>
+	public static bool operator ==(Byte4 a, Byte4 b)
+	{
+		return a.packedValue == b.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Returns a value that indicates whether the current instance is equal to a
+	/// specified object.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="obj">The object with which to make the comparison.</param>
+	/// <returns>
+	/// True if the current instance is equal to the specified object; false otherwise.
+	/// </returns>
+	public override bool Equals(object obj)
+	{
+		return (obj is Byte4) && Equals((Byte4) obj);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Returns a value that indicates whether the current instance is equal to a
+	/// specified object.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="other">The object with which to make the comparison.</param>
+	/// <returns>
+	/// True if the current instance is equal to the specified object; false otherwise.
+	/// </returns>
+	public bool Equals(Byte4 other)
+	{
+		return this == other;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets the hash code for the current instance.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>Hash code for the instance.</returns>
+	public override int GetHashCode()
+	{
+		return packedValue.GetHashCode();
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Returns a string representation of the current instance.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>String that represents the object.</returns>
+	public override string ToString()
+	{
+		return packedValue.ToString("X");
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Static Pack Method
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Packs a vector into a uint.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">The vector containing the values to pack.</param>
+	/// <returns>The ulong containing the packed values.</returns>
+	static uint Pack(float x, float y, float z, float w)
+	{
+		return (uint) (
+			((uint) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(x, 0, 255))) |
+			((uint) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(y, 0, 255)) << 8) |
+			((uint) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(z, 0, 255)) << 16) |
+			((uint) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(w, 0, 255)) << 24)
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/PackedVector/HalfSingle.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#region License
+
+/* MoonWorks - Game Development Framework
+ * Copyright 2021 Evan Hemsley
+ */
+
+/* Derived from code by Ethan Lee (Copyright 2009-2021).
+ * Released under the Microsoft Public License.
+ * See fna.LICENSE for details.
+
+ * Derived from code by the Mono.Xna Team (Copyright 2006).
+ * Released under the MIT License. See monoxna.LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+#endregion
+
+#region Using Statements
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+#endregion
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics.PackedVector;
+
+public struct HalfSingle : IPackedVector<ushort>, IEquatable<HalfSingle>, IPackedVector
+{
+	#region Public Properties
+
+	public ushort PackedValue
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return packedValue;
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			packedValue = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Variables
+
+	private ushort packedValue;
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Constructors
+
+	public HalfSingle(float single)
+	{
+		packedValue = HalfTypeHelper.Convert(single);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Methods
+
+	public float ToSingle()
+	{
+		return HalfTypeHelper.Convert(packedValue);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region IPackedVector Methods
+
+	void IPackedVector.PackFromVector4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = HalfTypeHelper.Convert(vector.X);
+	}
+
+	Vector4 IPackedVector.ToVector4()
+	{
+		return new Vector4(ToSingle(), 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Static Operators and Override Methods
+
+	public override bool Equals(object obj)
+	{
+		return (obj is HalfSingle) && Equals((HalfSingle) obj);
+	}
+
+	public bool Equals(HalfSingle other)
+	{
+		return packedValue == other.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	public override string ToString()
+	{
+		return packedValue.ToString("X");
+	}
+
+	public override int GetHashCode()
+	{
+		return packedValue.GetHashCode();
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator ==(HalfSingle lhs, HalfSingle rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs.packedValue == rhs.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator !=(HalfSingle lhs, HalfSingle rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs.packedValue != rhs.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/PackedVector/HalfTypeHelper.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+#region License
+
+/* MoonWorks - Game Development Framework
+ * Copyright 2021 Evan Hemsley
+ */
+
+/* Derived from code by Ethan Lee (Copyright 2009-2021).
+ * Released under the Microsoft Public License.
+ * See fna.LICENSE for details.
+
+ * Derived from code by the Mono.Xna Team (Copyright 2006).
+ * Released under the MIT License. See monoxna.LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+#endregion
+
+#region Using Statements
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+#endregion
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics.PackedVector;
+
+internal static class HalfTypeHelper
+{
+	#region Private Struct uif
+
+	[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
+	private struct uif
+	{
+		[FieldOffset(0)]
+		public float f;
+		[FieldOffset(0)]
+		public int i;
+		[FieldOffset(0)]
+		public uint u;
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Internal Static Methods
+
+	internal static ushort Convert(float f)
+	{
+		uif uif = new uif();
+		uif.f = f;
+		return Convert(uif.i);
+	}
+
+	internal static ushort Convert(int i)
+	{
+		int s = (i >> 16) & 0x00008000;
+		int e = ((i >> 23) & 0x000000ff) - (127 - 15);
+		int m = i & 0x007fffff;
+
+		if (e <= 0)
+		{
+			if (e < -10)
+			{
+				return (ushort) s;
+			}
+
+			m = m | 0x00800000;
+
+			int t = 14 - e;
+			int a = (1 << (t - 1)) - 1;
+			int b = (m >> t) & 1;
+
+			m = (m + a + b) >> t;
+
+			return (ushort) (s | m);
+		}
+		else if (e == 0xff - (127 - 15))
+		{
+			if (m == 0)
+			{
+				return (ushort) (s | 0x7c00);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				m >>= 13;
+				return (ushort) (s | 0x7c00 | m | ((m == 0) ? 1 : 0));
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			m = m + 0x00000fff + ((m >> 13) & 1);
+
+			if ((m & 0x00800000) != 0)
+			{
+				m = 0;
+				e += 1;
+			}
+
+			if (e > 30)
+			{
+				return (ushort) (s | 0x7c00);
+			}
+
+			return (ushort) (s | (e << 10) | (m >> 13));
+		}
+	}
+
+	internal static float Convert(ushort value)
+	{
+		uint rst;
+		uint mantissa = (uint) (value & 1023);
+		uint exp = 0xfffffff2;
+
+		if ((value & -33792) == 0)
+		{
+			if (mantissa != 0)
+			{
+				while ((mantissa & 1024) == 0)
+				{
+					exp--;
+					mantissa = mantissa << 1;
+				}
+				mantissa &= 0xfffffbff;
+				rst = ((uint) ((((uint) value & 0x8000) << 16) | ((exp + 127) << 23))) | (mantissa << 13);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				rst = (uint) ((value & 0x8000) << 16);
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			rst = (uint) (((((uint) value & 0x8000) << 16) | ((((((uint) value >> 10) & 0x1f) - 15) + 127) << 23)) | (mantissa << 13));
+		}
+
+		uif uif = new uif();
+		uif.u = rst;
+		return uif.f;
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/PackedVector/HalfVector2.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#region License
+
+/* MoonWorks - Game Development Framework
+ * Copyright 2021 Evan Hemsley
+ */
+
+/* Derived from code by Ethan Lee (Copyright 2009-2021).
+ * Released under the Microsoft Public License.
+ * See fna.LICENSE for details.
+
+ * Derived from code by the Mono.Xna Team (Copyright 2006).
+ * Released under the MIT License. See monoxna.LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+#endregion
+
+#region Using Statements
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+#endregion
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics.PackedVector;
+
+public struct HalfVector2 : IPackedVector<uint>, IPackedVector, IEquatable<HalfVector2>
+{
+	#region Public Properties
+
+	public uint PackedValue
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return packedValue;
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			packedValue = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Variables
+
+	private uint packedValue;
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Constructors
+
+	public HalfVector2(float x, float y)
+	{
+		packedValue = PackHelper(x, y);
+	}
+
+	public HalfVector2(Vector2 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = PackHelper(vector.X, vector.Y);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Methods
+
+	public Vector2 ToVector2()
+	{
+		Vector2 vector;
+		vector.X = HalfTypeHelper.Convert((ushort) packedValue);
+		vector.Y = HalfTypeHelper.Convert((ushort) (packedValue >> 0x10));
+		return vector;
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region IPackedVector Methods
+
+	void IPackedVector.PackFromVector4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = PackHelper(vector.X, vector.Y);
+	}
+
+	Vector4 IPackedVector.ToVector4()
+	{
+		return new Vector4(ToVector2(), 0.0f, 1.0f);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Static Operators and Override Methods
+
+	public override string ToString()
+	{
+		return packedValue.ToString("X");
+	}
+
+	public override int GetHashCode()
+	{
+		return packedValue.GetHashCode();
+	}
+
+	public override bool Equals(object obj)
+	{
+		return ((obj is HalfVector2) && Equals((HalfVector2) obj));
+	}
+
+	public bool Equals(HalfVector2 other)
+	{
+		return packedValue.Equals(other.packedValue);
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator ==(HalfVector2 a, HalfVector2 b)
+	{
+		return a.Equals(b);
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator !=(HalfVector2 a, HalfVector2 b)
+	{
+		return !a.Equals(b);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Static Pack Method
+
+	private static uint PackHelper(float vectorX, float vectorY)
+	{
+		return (uint) (
+			HalfTypeHelper.Convert(vectorX) |
+			((uint) (HalfTypeHelper.Convert(vectorY) << 0x10))
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/PackedVector/HalfVector4.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+#region License
+
+/* MoonWorks - Game Development Framework
+ * Copyright 2021 Evan Hemsley
+ */
+
+/* Derived from code by Ethan Lee (Copyright 2009-2021).
+ * Released under the Microsoft Public License.
+ * See fna.LICENSE for details.
+
+ * Derived from code by the Mono.Xna Team (Copyright 2006).
+ * Released under the MIT License. See monoxna.LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+#endregion
+
+#region Using Statements
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+#endregion
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics.PackedVector;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Packed vector type containing four 16-bit floating-point values.
+/// </summary>
+public struct HalfVector4 : IPackedVector<ulong>, IPackedVector, IEquatable<HalfVector4>
+{
+	#region Public Properties
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Directly gets or sets the packed representation of the value.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <value>The packed representation of the value.</value>
+	public ulong PackedValue
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return packedValue;
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			packedValue = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Variables
+
+	private ulong packedValue;
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Constructors
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Initializes a new instance of the HalfVector4 structure.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="x">Initial value for the x component.</param>
+	/// <param name="y">Initial value for the y component.</param>
+	/// <param name="z">Initial value for the z component.</param>
+	/// <param name="w">Initial value for the q component.</param>
+	public HalfVector4(float x, float y, float z, float w)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(x, y, z, w);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Initializes a new instance of the HalfVector4 structure.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">
+	/// A vector containing the initial values for the components of the HalfVector4
+	/// structure.
+	/// </param>
+	public HalfVector4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y, vector.Z, vector.W);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Expands the packed representation into a Vector4.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>The expanded vector.</returns>
+	public Vector4 ToVector4()
+	{
+		return new Vector4(
+			HalfTypeHelper.Convert((ushort) packedValue),
+			HalfTypeHelper.Convert((ushort) (packedValue >> 0x10)),
+			HalfTypeHelper.Convert((ushort) (packedValue >> 0x20)),
+			HalfTypeHelper.Convert((ushort) (packedValue >> 0x30))
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region IPackedVector Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Sets the packed representation from a Vector4.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">The vector to create the packed representation from.</param>
+	void IPackedVector.PackFromVector4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y, vector.Z, vector.W);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Static Operators and Override Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Returns a string representation of the current instance.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>String that represents the object.</returns>
+	public override string ToString()
+	{
+		return packedValue.ToString("X");
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets the hash code for the current instance.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>Hash code for the instance.</returns>
+	public override int GetHashCode()
+	{
+		return packedValue.GetHashCode();
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Returns a value that indicates whether the current instance is equal to a
+	/// specified object.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="obj">The object with which to make the comparison.</param>
+	/// <returns>
+	/// True if the current instance is equal to the specified object; false otherwise.
+	/// </returns>
+	public override bool Equals(object obj)
+	{
+		return ((obj is HalfVector4) && Equals((HalfVector4) obj));
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Returns a value that indicates whether the current instance is equal to a
+	/// specified object.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="other">The object with which to make the comparison.</param>
+	/// <returns>
+	/// True if the current instance is equal to the specified object; false otherwise.
+	/// </returns>
+	public bool Equals(HalfVector4 other)
+	{
+		return packedValue.Equals(other.packedValue);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Compares the current instance of a class to another instance to determine
+	/// whether they are the same.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="a">The object to the left of the equality operator.</param>
+	/// <param name="b">The object to the right of the equality operator.</param>
+	/// <returns>True if the objects are the same; false otherwise.</returns>
+	public static bool operator ==(HalfVector4 a, HalfVector4 b)
+	{
+		return a.Equals(b);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Compares the current instance of a class to another instance to determine
+	/// whether they are different.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="a">The object to the left of the equality operator.</param>
+	/// <param name="b">The object to the right of the equality operator.</param>
+	/// <returns>True if the objects are different; false otherwise.</returns>
+	public static bool operator !=(HalfVector4 a, HalfVector4 b)
+	{
+		return !a.Equals(b);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Static Pack Method
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Packs a vector into a ulong.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">The vector containing the values to pack.</param>
+	/// <returns>The ulong containing the packed values.</returns>
+	private static ulong Pack(float x, float y, float z, float w)
+	{
+		return (ulong) (
+			((ulong) HalfTypeHelper.Convert(x)) |
+			(((ulong) HalfTypeHelper.Convert(y) << 0x10)) |
+			(((ulong) HalfTypeHelper.Convert(z) << 0x20)) |
+			(((ulong) HalfTypeHelper.Convert(w) << 0x30))
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/PackedVector/IPackedVector.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#region License
+
+/* MoonWorks - Game Development Framework
+ * Copyright 2021 Evan Hemsley
+ */
+
+/* Derived from code by Ethan Lee (Copyright 2009-2021).
+ * Released under the Microsoft Public License.
+ * See fna.LICENSE for details.
+
+ * Derived from code by the Mono.Xna Team (Copyright 2006).
+ * Released under the MIT License. See monoxna.LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+#endregion
+
+using System.Numerics;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics.PackedVector;
+
+// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.xna.framework.graphics.packedvector.ipackedvector.aspx
+public interface IPackedVector
+{
+	void PackFromVector4(Vector4 vector);
+
+	Vector4 ToVector4();
+}
+
+// PackedVector Generic interface
+// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb197661.aspx
+public interface IPackedVector<TPacked> : IPackedVector
+{
+	TPacked PackedValue
+	{
+		get;
+		set;
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/PackedVector/NormalizedByte2.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#region License
+
+/* MoonWorks - Game Development Framework
+ * Copyright 2021 Evan Hemsley
+ */
+
+/* Derived from code by Ethan Lee (Copyright 2009-2021).
+ * Released under the Microsoft Public License.
+ * See fna.LICENSE for details.
+
+ * Derived from code by the Mono.Xna Team (Copyright 2006).
+ * Released under the MIT License. See monoxna.LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+#endregion
+
+#region Using Statements
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+#endregion
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics.PackedVector;
+
+public struct NormalizedByte2 : IPackedVector<ushort>, IEquatable<NormalizedByte2>
+{
+	#region Public Properties
+
+	public ushort PackedValue
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return packedValue;
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			packedValue = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Variables
+
+	private ushort packedValue;
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Constructors
+
+	public NormalizedByte2(Vector2 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y);
+	}
+
+	public NormalizedByte2(float x, float y)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(x, y);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Methods
+
+	public Vector2 ToVector2()
+	{
+		return new Vector2(
+			((sbyte) (packedValue & 0xFF)) / 127.0f,
+			((sbyte) ((packedValue >> 8) & 0xFF)) / 127.0f
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region IPackedVector Methods
+
+	void IPackedVector.PackFromVector4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y);
+	}
+
+	Vector4 IPackedVector.ToVector4()
+	{
+		return new Vector4(ToVector2(), 0.0f, 1.0f);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Static Operators and Override Methods
+
+	public static bool operator !=(NormalizedByte2 a, NormalizedByte2 b)
+	{
+		return a.packedValue != b.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator ==(NormalizedByte2 a, NormalizedByte2 b)
+	{
+		return a.packedValue == b.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	public override bool Equals(object obj)
+	{
+		return (obj is NormalizedByte2) && Equals((NormalizedByte2) obj);
+	}
+
+	public bool Equals(NormalizedByte2 other)
+	{
+		return packedValue == other.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	public override int GetHashCode()
+	{
+		return packedValue.GetHashCode();
+	}
+
+	public override string ToString()
+	{
+		return packedValue.ToString("X");
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Static Pack Method
+
+	private static ushort Pack(float x, float y)
+	{
+		int byte2 = (
+			((ushort)
+				System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(x, -1.0f, 1.0f) * 127.0f)
+			)
+		) & 0x00FF;
+		int byte1 = (
+			((ushort)
+				System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(y, -1.0f, 1.0f) * 127.0f)
+			) << 8
+		) & 0xFF00;
+
+		return (ushort) (byte2 | byte1);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/PackedVector/NormalizedByte4.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+#region License
+
+/* MoonWorks - Game Development Framework
+ * Copyright 2021 Evan Hemsley
+ */
+
+/* Derived from code by Ethan Lee (Copyright 2009-2021).
+ * Released under the Microsoft Public License.
+ * See fna.LICENSE for details.
+
+ * Derived from code by the Mono.Xna Team (Copyright 2006).
+ * Released under the MIT License. See monoxna.LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+#endregion
+
+#region Using Statements
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+#endregion
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics.PackedVector;
+
+public struct NormalizedByte4 : IPackedVector<uint>, IEquatable<NormalizedByte4>
+{
+	#region Public Properties
+
+	public uint PackedValue
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return packedValue;
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			packedValue = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Variables
+
+	private uint packedValue;
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Constructors
+
+	public NormalizedByte4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y, vector.Z, vector.W);
+	}
+
+	public NormalizedByte4(float x, float y, float z, float w)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(x, y, z, w);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Methods
+
+	public Vector4 ToVector4()
+	{
+		return new Vector4(
+			((sbyte) (packedValue & 0xFF)) / 127.0f,
+			((sbyte) ((packedValue >> 8) & 0xFF)) / 127.0f,
+			((sbyte) ((packedValue >> 16) & 0xFF)) / 127.0f,
+			((sbyte) ((packedValue >> 24) & 0xFF)) / 127.0f
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region IPackedVector Methods
+
+	void IPackedVector.PackFromVector4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y, vector.Z, vector.W);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Static Operators and Override Methods
+
+	public static bool operator !=(NormalizedByte4 a, NormalizedByte4 b)
+	{
+		return a.packedValue != b.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator ==(NormalizedByte4 a, NormalizedByte4 b)
+	{
+		return a.packedValue == b.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	public override bool Equals(object obj)
+	{
+		return (obj is NormalizedByte4) && Equals((NormalizedByte4) obj);
+	}
+
+	public bool Equals(NormalizedByte4 other)
+	{
+		return packedValue == other.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	public override int GetHashCode()
+	{
+		return packedValue.GetHashCode();
+	}
+
+	public override string ToString()
+	{
+		return packedValue.ToString("X");
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Static Pack Method
+
+	private static uint Pack(float x, float y, float z, float w)
+	{
+		uint byte4 = (
+			(uint) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(x, -1.0f, 1.0f) * 127.0f)
+		) & 0x000000FF;
+		uint byte3 = (
+			(
+				(uint) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(y, -1.0f, 1.0f) * 127.0f)
+			) << 8
+		) & 0x0000FF00;
+		uint byte2 = (
+			(
+				(uint) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(z, -1.0f, 1.0f) * 127.0f)
+			) << 16
+		) & 0x00FF0000;
+		uint byte1 = (
+			(
+				(uint) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(w, -1.0f, 1.0f) * 127.0f)
+			) << 24
+		) & 0xFF000000;
+
+		return byte4 | byte3 | byte2 | byte1;
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/PackedVector/NormalizedShort2.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+#region License
+
+/* MoonWorks - Game Development Framework
+ * Copyright 2021 Evan Hemsley
+ */
+
+/* Derived from code by Ethan Lee (Copyright 2009-2021).
+ * Released under the Microsoft Public License.
+ * See fna.LICENSE for details.
+
+ * Derived from code by the Mono.Xna Team (Copyright 2006).
+ * Released under the MIT License. See monoxna.LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+#endregion
+
+#region Using Statements
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+#endregion
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics.PackedVector;
+
+public struct NormalizedShort2 : IPackedVector<uint>, IEquatable<NormalizedShort2>
+{
+	#region Public Properties
+
+	public uint PackedValue
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return packedValue;
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			packedValue = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Variables
+
+	private uint packedValue;
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Constructors
+
+	public NormalizedShort2(Vector2 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y);
+	}
+
+	public NormalizedShort2(float x, float y)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(x, y);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Methods
+
+	public Vector2 ToVector2()
+	{
+		const float maxVal = 0x7FFF;
+
+		return new Vector2(
+			(short) (packedValue & 0xFFFF) / maxVal,
+			(short) (packedValue >> 0x10) / maxVal
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region IPackedVector Methods
+
+	void IPackedVector.PackFromVector4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y);
+	}
+
+	Vector4 IPackedVector.ToVector4()
+	{
+		return new Vector4(ToVector2(), 0.0f, 1.0f);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Static Operators and Override Methods
+
+	public static bool operator !=(NormalizedShort2 a, NormalizedShort2 b)
+	{
+		return !a.Equals(b);
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator ==(NormalizedShort2 a, NormalizedShort2 b)
+	{
+		return a.Equals(b);
+	}
+
+	public override bool Equals(object obj)
+	{
+		return (obj is NormalizedShort2) && Equals((NormalizedShort2) obj);
+	}
+
+	public bool Equals(NormalizedShort2 other)
+	{
+		return packedValue.Equals(other.packedValue);
+	}
+
+	public override int GetHashCode()
+	{
+		return packedValue.GetHashCode();
+	}
+
+	public override string ToString()
+	{
+		return packedValue.ToString("X");
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Static Pack Method
+
+	private static uint Pack(float x, float y)
+	{
+		const float max = 0x7FFF;
+		const float min = -max;
+
+		uint word2 = (uint) (
+			(int) Math.Clamp(
+				(float) System.Math.Round(x * max),
+				min,
+				max
+			) & 0xFFFF
+		);
+		uint word1 = (uint) ((
+			(int) Math.Clamp(
+				(float) System.Math.Round(y * max),
+				min,
+				max
+			) & 0xFFFF
+		) << 0x10);
+
+		return (word2 | word1);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/PackedVector/NormalizedShort4.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+#region License
+
+/* MoonWorks - Game Development Framework
+ * Copyright 2021 Evan Hemsley
+ */
+
+/* Derived from code by Ethan Lee (Copyright 2009-2021).
+ * Released under the Microsoft Public License.
+ * See fna.LICENSE for details.
+
+ * Derived from code by the Mono.Xna Team (Copyright 2006).
+ * Released under the MIT License. See monoxna.LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+#endregion
+
+#region Using Statements
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+#endregion
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics.PackedVector;
+
+public struct NormalizedShort4 : IPackedVector<ulong>, IEquatable<NormalizedShort4>
+{
+	#region Public Properties
+
+	public ulong PackedValue
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return packedValue;
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			packedValue = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Variables
+
+	private ulong packedValue;
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Constructors
+
+	public NormalizedShort4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y, vector.Z, vector.W);
+	}
+
+	public NormalizedShort4(float x, float y, float z, float w)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(x, y, z, w);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Methods
+
+	public Vector4 ToVector4()
+	{
+		const float maxVal = 0x7FFF;
+
+		return new Vector4(
+			((short) (packedValue & 0xFFFF)) / maxVal,
+			((short) ((packedValue >> 0x10) & 0xFFFF)) / maxVal,
+			((short) ((packedValue >> 0x20) & 0xFFFF)) / maxVal,
+			((short) ((packedValue >> 0x30) & 0xFFFF)) / maxVal
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region IPackedVector Methods
+
+	void IPackedVector.PackFromVector4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y, vector.Z, vector.W);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Static Operators and Override Methods
+
+	public static bool operator !=(NormalizedShort4 a, NormalizedShort4 b)
+	{
+		return !a.Equals(b);
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator ==(NormalizedShort4 a, NormalizedShort4 b)
+	{
+		return a.Equals(b);
+	}
+
+	public override bool Equals(object obj)
+	{
+		return (obj is NormalizedShort4) && Equals((NormalizedShort4) obj);
+	}
+
+	public bool Equals(NormalizedShort4 other)
+	{
+		return packedValue.Equals(other.packedValue);
+	}
+
+	public override int GetHashCode()
+	{
+		return packedValue.GetHashCode();
+	}
+
+	public override string ToString()
+	{
+		return packedValue.ToString("X");
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Static Pack Method
+
+	private static ulong Pack(float x, float y, float z, float w)
+	{
+		const float max = 0x7FFF;
+		const float min = -max;
+
+		ulong word4 = (
+			(ulong) Math.Clamp(
+				(float) System.Math.Round(x * max),
+				min,
+				max
+			) & 0xFFFF
+		);
+		ulong word3 = (
+			(ulong) Math.Clamp(
+				(float) System.Math.Round(y * max),
+				min,
+				max
+			) & 0xFFFF
+		) << 0x10;
+		ulong word2 = (
+			(ulong) Math.Clamp(
+				(float) System.Math.Round(z * max),
+				min,
+				max
+			) & 0xFFFF
+		) << 0x20;
+		ulong word1 = (
+			(ulong) Math.Clamp(
+				(float) System.Math.Round(w * max),
+				min,
+				max
+			) & 0xFFFF
+		) << 0x30;
+
+		return (word4 | word3 | word2 | word1);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/PackedVector/Rg32.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+#region License
+
+/* MoonWorks - Game Development Framework
+ * Copyright 2021 Evan Hemsley
+ */
+
+/* Derived from code by Ethan Lee (Copyright 2009-2021).
+ * Released under the Microsoft Public License.
+ * See fna.LICENSE for details.
+
+ * Derived from code by the Mono.Xna Team (Copyright 2006).
+ * Released under the MIT License. See monoxna.LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+#endregion
+
+#region Using Statements
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+
+#endregion
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics.PackedVector;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Packed vector type containing unsigned normalized values ranging from 0 to 1.
+/// The x and z components use 5 bits, and the y component uses 6 bits.
+/// </summary>
+public struct Rg32 : IPackedVector<uint>, IEquatable<Rg32>, IPackedVector
+{
+	#region Public Properties
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets and sets the packed value.
+	/// </summary>
+	public uint PackedValue
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return packedValue;
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			packedValue = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Variables
+
+	private uint packedValue;
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Constructors
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a new instance of Rg32.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="x">The x component</param>
+	/// <param name="y">The y component</param>
+	public Rg32(float x, float y)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(x, y);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a new instance of Rg32.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">
+	/// Vector containing the components for the packed vector.
+	/// </param>
+	public Rg32(Vector2 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets the packed vector in Vector2 format.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>The packed vector in Vector2 format</returns>
+	public Vector2 ToVector2()
+	{
+		return new Vector2(
+			(packedValue & 0xFFFF) / 65535.0f,
+			(packedValue >> 16) / 65535.0f
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region IPackedVector Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Sets the packed vector from a Vector4.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">Vector containing the components.</param>
+	void IPackedVector.PackFromVector4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets the packed vector in Vector4 format.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>The packed vector in Vector4 format</returns>
+	Vector4 IPackedVector.ToVector4()
+	{
+		return new Vector4(ToVector2(), 0.0f, 1.0f);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Static Operators and Override Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Compares an object with the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="obj">The object to compare.</param>
+	/// <returns>True if the object is equal to the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override bool Equals(object obj)
+	{
+		return (obj is Rg32) && Equals((Rg32) obj);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Compares another Rg32 packed vector with the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="other">The Rg32 packed vector to compare.</param>
+	/// <returns>True if the packed vectors are equal.</returns>
+	public bool Equals(Rg32 other)
+	{
+		return packedValue == other.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets a string representation of the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>A string representation of the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override string ToString()
+	{
+		return packedValue.ToString("X");
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets a hash code of the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>The hash code for the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override int GetHashCode()
+	{
+		return packedValue.GetHashCode();
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator ==(Rg32 lhs, Rg32 rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs.packedValue == rhs.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator !=(Rg32 lhs, Rg32 rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs.packedValue != rhs.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Static Pack Method
+
+	private static uint Pack(float x, float y)
+	{
+		return (uint) (
+			((uint) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(x, 0, 1) * 65535.0f)) |
+			(((uint) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(y, 0, 1) * 65535.0f)) << 16)
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/PackedVector/Rgba1010102.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+#region License
+
+/* MoonWorks - Game Development Framework
+ * Copyright 2021 Evan Hemsley
+ */
+
+/* Derived from code by Ethan Lee (Copyright 2009-2021).
+ * Released under the Microsoft Public License.
+ * See fna.LICENSE for details.
+
+ * Derived from code by the Mono.Xna Team (Copyright 2006).
+ * Released under the MIT License. See monoxna.LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+#endregion
+
+#region Using Statements
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+#endregion
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics.PackedVector;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Packed vector type containing unsigned normalized values ranging from 0 to 1.
+/// The x and z components use 5 bits, and the y component uses 6 bits.
+/// </summary>
+public struct Rgba1010102 : IPackedVector<uint>, IEquatable<Rgba1010102>, IPackedVector
+{
+	#region Public Properties
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets and sets the packed value.
+	/// </summary>
+	public uint PackedValue
+	{
+		get
+		{
+				return packedValue;
+			}
+		set
+		{
+				packedValue = value;
+			}
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Variables
+
+	private uint packedValue;
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Constructors
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a new instance of Rgba1010102.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="x">The x component</param>
+	/// <param name="y">The y component</param>
+	/// <param name="z">The z component</param>
+	/// <param name="w">The w component</param>
+	public Rgba1010102(float x, float y, float z, float w)
+	{
+			packedValue = Pack(x, y, z, w);
+		}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a new instance of Rgba1010102.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">
+	/// Vector containing the components for the packed vector.
+	/// </param>
+	public Rgba1010102(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+			packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y, vector.Z, vector.W);
+		}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets the packed vector in Vector4 format.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>The packed vector in Vector4 format</returns>
+	public Vector4 ToVector4()
+	{
+			return new Vector4(
+				(packedValue & 0x03FF) / 1023.0f,
+				((packedValue >> 10) & 0x03FF) / 1023.0f,
+				((packedValue >> 20) & 0x03FF) / 1023.0f,
+				(packedValue >> 30) / 3.0f
+			);
+		}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region IPackedVector Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Sets the packed vector from a Vector4.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">Vector containing the components.</param>
+	void IPackedVector.PackFromVector4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+			packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y, vector.Z, vector.W);
+		}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Static Operators and Override Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Compares an object with the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="obj">The object to compare.</param>
+	/// <returns>True if the object is equal to the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override bool Equals(object obj)
+	{
+			return (obj is Rgba1010102) && Equals((Rgba1010102) obj);
+		}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Compares another Rgba1010102 packed vector with the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="other">The Rgba1010102 packed vector to compare.</param>
+	/// <returns>True if the packed vectors are equal.</returns>
+	public bool Equals(Rgba1010102 other)
+	{
+			return packedValue == other.packedValue;
+		}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets a string representation of the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>A string representation of the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override string ToString()
+	{
+			return packedValue.ToString("X");
+		}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets a hash code of the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>The hash code for the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override int GetHashCode()
+	{
+			return packedValue.GetHashCode();
+		}
+
+	public static bool operator ==(Rgba1010102 lhs, Rgba1010102 rhs)
+	{
+			return lhs.packedValue == rhs.packedValue;
+		}
+
+	public static bool operator !=(Rgba1010102 lhs, Rgba1010102 rhs)
+	{
+			return lhs.packedValue != rhs.packedValue;
+		}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Static Pack Method
+
+	private static uint Pack(float x, float y, float z, float w)
+	{
+			return (uint) (
+				((uint) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(x, 0, 1) * 1023.0f)) |
+				((uint) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(y, 0, 1) * 1023.0f) << 10) |
+				((uint) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(z, 0, 1) * 1023.0f) << 20) |
+				((uint) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(w, 0, 1) * 3.0f) << 30)
+			);
+		}
+
+	#endregion
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/PackedVector/Rgba64.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+#region License
+
+/* MoonWorks - Game Development Framework
+ * Copyright 2021 Evan Hemsley
+ */
+
+/* Derived from code by Ethan Lee (Copyright 2009-2021).
+ * Released under the Microsoft Public License.
+ * See fna.LICENSE for details.
+
+ * Derived from code by the Mono.Xna Team (Copyright 2006).
+ * Released under the MIT License. See monoxna.LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+#endregion
+
+#region Using Statements
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+#endregion
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics.PackedVector;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Packed vector type containing unsigned normalized values ranging from 0 to 1.
+/// The x and z components use 5 bits, and the y component uses 6 bits.
+/// </summary>
+public struct Rgba64 : IPackedVector<ulong>, IEquatable<Rgba64>, IPackedVector
+{
+	#region Public Properties
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets and sets the packed value.
+	/// </summary>
+	public ulong PackedValue
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return packedValue;
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			packedValue = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Variables
+
+	private ulong packedValue;
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Constructors
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a new instance of Rgba64.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="x">The x component</param>
+	/// <param name="y">The y component</param>
+	/// <param name="z">The z component</param>
+	/// <param name="w">The w component</param>
+	public Rgba64(float x, float y, float z, float w)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(x, y, z, w);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a new instance of Rgba64.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">
+	/// Vector containing the components for the packed vector.
+	/// </param>
+	public Rgba64(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y, vector.Z, vector.W);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets the packed vector in Vector4 format.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>The packed vector in Vector4 format</returns>
+	public Vector4 ToVector4()
+	{
+		return new Vector4(
+			(packedValue & 0xFFFF) / 65535.0f,
+			((packedValue >> 16) & 0xFFFF) / 65535.0f,
+			((packedValue >> 32) & 0xFFFF) / 65535.0f,
+			(packedValue >> 48) / 65535.0f
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region IPackedVector Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Sets the packed vector from a Vector4.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">Vector containing the components.</param>
+	void IPackedVector.PackFromVector4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y, vector.Z, vector.W);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Static Operators and Override Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Compares an object with the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="obj">The object to compare.</param>
+	/// <returns>True if the object is equal to the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override bool Equals(object obj)
+	{
+		return (obj is Rgba64) && Equals((Rgba64) obj);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Compares another Rgba64 packed vector with the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="other">The Rgba64 packed vector to compare.</param>
+	/// <returns>True if the packed vectors are equal.</returns>
+	public bool Equals(Rgba64 other)
+	{
+		return packedValue == other.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets a string representation of the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>A string representation of the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override string ToString()
+	{
+		return packedValue.ToString("X");
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets a hash code of the packed vector.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>The hash code for the packed vector.</returns>
+	public override int GetHashCode()
+	{
+		return packedValue.GetHashCode();
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator ==(Rgba64 lhs, Rgba64 rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs.packedValue == rhs.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator !=(Rgba64 lhs, Rgba64 rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs.packedValue != rhs.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Static Pack Method
+
+	private static ulong Pack(float x, float y, float z, float w)
+	{
+		return (ulong) (
+			((ulong) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(x, 0, 1) * 65535.0f)) |
+			(((ulong) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(y, 0, 1) * 65535.0f)) << 16) |
+			(((ulong) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(z, 0, 1) * 65535.0f)) << 32) |
+			(((ulong) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(w, 0, 1) * 65535.0f)) << 48)
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/PackedVector/Short2.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+#region License
+
+/* MoonWorks - Game Development Framework
+ * Copyright 2021 Evan Hemsley
+ */
+
+/* Derived from code by Ethan Lee (Copyright 2009-2021).
+ * Released under the Microsoft Public License.
+ * See fna.LICENSE for details.
+
+ * Derived from code by the Mono.Xna Team (Copyright 2006).
+ * Released under the MIT License. See monoxna.LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+#endregion
+
+#region Using Statements
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+
+#endregion
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics.PackedVector;
+
+public struct Short2 : IPackedVector<uint>, IEquatable<Short2>
+{
+	#region Public Properties
+
+	public uint PackedValue
+	{
+		get
+		{
+			return packedValue;
+		}
+		set
+		{
+			packedValue = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Variables
+
+	private uint packedValue;
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Constructors
+
+	public Short2(Vector2 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y);
+	}
+
+	public Short2(float x, float y)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(x, y);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Methods
+
+	public Vector2 ToVector2()
+	{
+		return new Vector2(
+			(short) (packedValue & 0xFFFF),
+			(short) (packedValue >> 16)
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region IPackedVector Methods
+
+	void IPackedVector.PackFromVector4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+		packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y);
+	}
+
+	Vector4 IPackedVector.ToVector4()
+	{
+		return new Vector4(ToVector2(), 0.0f, 1.0f);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Static Operators and Override Methods
+
+	public static bool operator !=(Short2 a, Short2 b)
+	{
+		return a.packedValue != b.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	public static bool operator ==(Short2 a, Short2 b)
+	{
+		return a.packedValue == b.packedValue;
+	}
+
+	public override bool Equals(object obj)
+	{
+		return (obj is Short2) && Equals((Short2) obj);
+	}
+
+	public bool Equals(Short2 other)
+	{
+		return this == other;
+	}
+
+	public override int GetHashCode()
+	{
+		return packedValue.GetHashCode();
+	}
+
+	public override string ToString()
+	{
+		return packedValue.ToString("X");
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Static Pack Method
+
+	private static uint Pack(float x, float y)
+	{
+		return (uint) (
+			((int) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(x, -32768, 32767)) & 0x0000FFFF) |
+			(((int) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(y, -32768, 32767))) << 16)
+		);
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/PackedVector/Short4.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+#region License
+
+/* MoonWorks - Game Development Framework
+ * Copyright 2021 Evan Hemsley
+ */
+
+/* Derived from code by Ethan Lee (Copyright 2009-2021).
+ * Released under the Microsoft Public License.
+ * See fna.LICENSE for details.
+
+ * Derived from code by the Mono.Xna Team (Copyright 2006).
+ * Released under the MIT License. See monoxna.LICENSE for details.
+ */
+
+#endregion
+
+#region Using Statements
+using System;
+using System.Numerics;
+
+#endregion
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics.PackedVector;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Packed vector type containing four 16-bit signed integer values.
+/// </summary>
+public struct Short4 : IPackedVector<ulong>, IEquatable<Short4>
+{
+	#region Public Properties
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Directly gets or sets the packed representation of the value.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <value>The packed representation of the value.</value>
+	public ulong PackedValue
+	{
+		get
+		{
+				return packedValue;
+			}
+		set
+		{
+				packedValue = value;
+			}
+	}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Variables
+
+	private ulong packedValue;
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Constructors
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Initializes a new instance of the Short4 class.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">
+	/// A vector containing the initial values for the components of the Short4 structure.
+	/// </param>
+	public Short4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+			packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y, vector.Z, vector.W);
+		}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Initializes a new instance of the Short4 class.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="x">Initial value for the x component.</param>
+	/// <param name="y">Initial value for the y component.</param>
+	/// <param name="z">Initial value for the z component.</param>
+	/// <param name="w">Initial value for the w component.</param>
+	public Short4(float x, float y, float z, float w)
+	{
+			packedValue = Pack(x, y, z, w);
+		}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Expands the packed representation into a Vector4.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>The expanded vector.</returns>
+	public Vector4 ToVector4()
+	{
+			return new Vector4(
+				(short) (packedValue & 0xFFFF),
+				(short) ((packedValue >> 16) & 0xFFFF),
+				(short) ((packedValue >> 32) & 0xFFFF),
+				(short) (packedValue >> 48)
+			);
+		}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region IPackedVector Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Sets the packed representation from a Vector4.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">The vector to create the packed representation from.</param>
+	void IPackedVector.PackFromVector4(Vector4 vector)
+	{
+			packedValue = Pack(vector.X, vector.Y, vector.Z, vector.W);
+		}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Public Static Operators and Override Methods
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Compares the current instance of a class to another instance to determine
+	/// whether they are different.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="a">The object to the left of the equality operator.</param>
+	/// <param name="b">The object to the right of the equality operator.</param>
+	/// <returns>True if the objects are different; false otherwise.</returns>
+	public static bool operator !=(Short4 a, Short4 b)
+	{
+			return a.PackedValue != b.PackedValue;
+		}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Compares the current instance of a class to another instance to determine
+	/// whether they are the same.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="a">The object to the left of the equality operator.</param>
+	/// <param name="b">The object to the right of the equality operator.</param>
+	/// <returns>True if the objects are the same; false otherwise.</returns>
+	public static bool operator ==(Short4 a, Short4 b)
+	{
+			return a.PackedValue == b.PackedValue;
+		}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Returns a value that indicates whether the current instance is equal to a
+	/// specified object.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="obj">The object with which to make the comparison.</param>
+	/// <returns>
+	/// True if the current instance is equal to the specified object; false otherwise.
+	/// </returns>
+	public override bool Equals(object obj)
+	{
+			return (obj is Short4) && Equals((Short4) obj);
+		}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Returns a value that indicates whether the current instance is equal to a
+	/// specified object.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="other">The object with which to make the comparison.</param>
+	/// <returns>
+	/// True if the current instance is equal to the specified object; false otherwise.
+	/// </returns>
+	public bool Equals(Short4 other)
+	{
+			return this == other;
+		}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Gets the hash code for the current instance.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>Hash code for the instance.</returns>
+	public override int GetHashCode()
+	{
+			return packedValue.GetHashCode();
+		}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Returns a string representation of the current instance.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <returns>String that represents the object.</returns>
+	public override string ToString()
+	{
+			return packedValue.ToString("X");
+		}
+
+	#endregion
+
+	#region Private Static Pack Method
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Packs a vector into a ulong.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="vector">The vector containing the values to pack.</param>
+	/// <returns>The ulong containing the packed values.</returns>
+	static ulong Pack(float x, float y, float z, float w)
+	{
+			return (ulong) (
+				((long) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(x, -32768, 32767)) & 0xFFFF) |
+				(((long) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(y, -32768, 32767)) << 16) & 0xFFFF0000) |
+				(((long) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(z, -32768, 32767)) << 32) & 0xFFFF00000000) |
+				((long) System.Math.Round(Math.Clamp(w, -32768, 32767)) << 48)
+			);
+		}
+
+	#endregion
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/RefreshResource.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+using System;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+public abstract class RefreshResource : GraphicsResource
+{
+	public IntPtr Handle { get => handle; internal set => handle = value; }
+	private IntPtr handle;
+
+	protected abstract Action<IntPtr, IntPtr> ReleaseFunction { get; }
+
+	protected RefreshResource(GraphicsDevice device) : base(device)
+	{
+	}
+
+	protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
+	{
+		if (!IsDisposed)
+		{
+			// Atomically call release function in case this is called from the finalizer thread
+			IntPtr toDispose = Interlocked.Exchange(ref handle, IntPtr.Zero);
+			if (toDispose != IntPtr.Zero)
+			{
+				ReleaseFunction(Device.Handle, toDispose);
+			}
+		}
+		base.Dispose(disposing);
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/RenderPass.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using RefreshCS;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Render passes are begun in command buffers and are used to apply render state and issue draw calls.
+/// Render passes are pooled and should not be referenced after calling EndRenderPass.
+/// </summary>
+public class RenderPass
+{
+    public nint Handle { get; private set; }
+
+#if DEBUG
+    internal uint colorAttachmentCount;
+    internal SampleCount colorAttachmentSampleCount;
+    internal TextureFormat colorFormatOne;
+    internal TextureFormat colorFormatTwo;
+    internal TextureFormat colorFormatThree;
+    internal TextureFormat colorFormatFour;
+    internal bool hasDepthStencilAttachment;
+    internal SampleCount depthStencilAttachmentSampleCount;
+    internal TextureFormat depthStencilFormat;
+
+    GraphicsPipeline currentGraphicsPipeline;
+#endif
+
+    internal void SetHandle(nint handle)
+    {
+        Handle = handle;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Binds a graphics pipeline so that rendering work may be performed.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="graphicsPipeline">The graphics pipeline to bind.</param>
+    public void BindGraphicsPipeline(GraphicsPipeline graphicsPipeline)
+    {
+#if DEBUG
+        AssertRenderPassPipelineFormatMatch(graphicsPipeline);
+
+        if (colorAttachmentCount > 0)
+        {
+            if (graphicsPipeline.SampleCount != colorAttachmentSampleCount)
+            {
+                throw new System.InvalidOperationException(
+                    $"Sample count mismatch! Graphics pipeline sample count: {graphicsPipeline.SampleCount}, Color attachment sample count: {colorAttachmentSampleCount}"
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (hasDepthStencilAttachment)
+        {
+            if (graphicsPipeline.SampleCount != depthStencilAttachmentSampleCount)
+            {
+                throw new System.InvalidOperationException(
+                    $"Sample count mismatch! Graphics pipeline sample count: {graphicsPipeline.SampleCount}, Depth stencil attachment sample count: {depthStencilAttachmentSampleCount}"
+                );
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+
+        Refresh.Refresh_BindGraphicsPipeline(
+            Handle,
+            graphicsPipeline.Handle
+        );
+
+#if DEBUG
+        currentGraphicsPipeline = graphicsPipeline;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Sets the viewport.
+    /// </summary>
+    public void SetViewport(in Viewport viewport)
+    {
+        Refresh.Refresh_SetViewport(
+            Handle,
+            viewport.ToRefresh()
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Sets the scissor area.
+    /// </summary>
+    public void SetScissor(in Rect scissor)
+    {
+#if DEBUG
+        if (scissor.X < 0 || scissor.Y < 0 || scissor.W <= 0 || scissor.H <= 0)
+        {
+            throw new System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException("Scissor position cannot be negative and dimensions must be positive!");
+        }
+#endif
+
+        Refresh.Refresh_SetScissor(
+            Handle,
+            scissor.ToRefresh()
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Binds vertex buffers to be used by subsequent draw calls.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="bufferBinding">Buffer to bind and associated offset.</param>
+    /// <param name="firstBinding">The index of the first vertex input binding whose state is updated by the command.</param>
+    public unsafe void BindVertexBuffer(
+        in BufferBinding bufferBinding,
+        uint firstBinding = 0
+    )
+    {
+#if DEBUG
+        AssertGraphicsPipelineBound();
+#endif
+
+        Refresh.BufferBinding refreshBufferBinding = bufferBinding.ToRefresh();
+
+        Refresh.Refresh_BindVertexBuffers(
+            Handle,
+            firstBinding,
+            &refreshBufferBinding,
+            1
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Binds an index buffer to be used by subsequent draw calls.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="indexBuffer">The index buffer to bind.</param>
+    /// <param name="indexElementSize">The size in bytes of the index buffer elements.</param>
+    /// <param name="offset">The offset index for the buffer.</param>
+    public void BindIndexBuffer(
+        BufferBinding bufferBinding,
+        IndexElementSize indexElementSize
+    )
+    {
+#if DEBUG
+        AssertGraphicsPipelineBound();
+#endif
+
+        Refresh.Refresh_BindIndexBuffer(
+            Handle,
+            bufferBinding.ToRefresh(),
+            (Refresh.IndexElementSize)indexElementSize
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Binds samplers to be used by the vertex shader.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="textureSamplerBindings">The texture-sampler to bind.</param>
+    public unsafe void BindVertexSampler(
+        in TextureSamplerBinding textureSamplerBinding,
+        uint slot = 0
+    )
+    {
+#if DEBUG
+        AssertGraphicsPipelineBound();
+        AssertTextureSamplerBindingNonNull(textureSamplerBinding);
+        AssertTextureHasSamplerFlag(textureSamplerBinding.Texture);
+#endif
+
+        Refresh.TextureSamplerBinding refreshTextureSamplerBinding = textureSamplerBinding.ToRefresh();
+
+        Refresh.Refresh_BindVertexSamplers(
+            Handle,
+            slot,
+            &refreshTextureSamplerBinding,
+            1
+        );
+    }
+
+    public unsafe void BindVertexStorageTexture(
+        in TextureSlice textureSlice,
+        uint slot = 0
+    )
+    {
+#if DEBUG
+        AssertGraphicsPipelineBound();
+        AssertTextureNonNull(textureSlice.Texture);
+        AssertTextureHasGraphicsStorageFlag(textureSlice.Texture);
+#endif
+
+        Refresh.TextureSlice refreshTextureSlice = textureSlice.ToRefresh();
+
+        Refresh.Refresh_BindVertexStorageTextures(
+            Handle,
+            slot,
+            &refreshTextureSlice,
+            1
+        );
+    }
+
+    public unsafe void BindVertexStorageBuffer(
+        Buffer buffer,
+        uint slot = 0
+    )
+    {
+#if DEBUG
+        AssertGraphicsPipelineBound();
+        AssertBufferNonNull(buffer);
+        AssertBufferHasGraphicsStorageFlag(buffer);
+#endif
+
+        IntPtr bufferHandle = buffer.Handle;
+
+        Refresh.Refresh_BindVertexStorageBuffers(
+            Handle,
+            slot,
+            &bufferHandle,
+            1
+        );
+    }
+
+    public unsafe void BindFragmentSampler(
+        in TextureSamplerBinding textureSamplerBinding,
+        uint slot = 0
+    )
+    {
+#if DEBUG
+        AssertGraphicsPipelineBound();
+        AssertTextureSamplerBindingNonNull(textureSamplerBinding);
+        AssertTextureHasSamplerFlag(textureSamplerBinding.Texture);
+#endif
+
+        Refresh.TextureSamplerBinding refreshTextureSamplerBinding = textureSamplerBinding.ToRefresh();
+
+        Refresh.Refresh_BindFragmentSamplers(
+            Handle,
+            slot,
+            &refreshTextureSamplerBinding,
+            1
+        );
+    }
+
+    public unsafe void BindFragmentStorageTexture(
+        in TextureSlice textureSlice,
+        uint slot = 0
+    )
+    {
+#if DEBUG
+        AssertGraphicsPipelineBound();
+        AssertTextureNonNull(textureSlice.Texture);
+        AssertTextureHasGraphicsStorageFlag(textureSlice.Texture);
+#endif
+
+        Refresh.TextureSlice refreshTextureSlice = textureSlice.ToRefresh();
+
+        Refresh.Refresh_BindFragmentStorageTextures(
+            Handle,
+            slot,
+            &refreshTextureSlice,
+            1
+        );
+    }
+
+    public unsafe void BindFragmentStorageBuffer(
+        Buffer buffer,
+        uint slot = 0
+    )
+    {
+#if DEBUG
+        AssertGraphicsPipelineBound();
+        AssertBufferNonNull(buffer);
+        AssertBufferHasGraphicsStorageFlag(buffer);
+#endif
+
+        IntPtr bufferHandle = buffer.Handle;
+
+        Refresh.Refresh_BindFragmentStorageBuffers(
+            Handle,
+            slot,
+            &bufferHandle,
+            1
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Draws using a vertex buffer and an index buffer, and an optional instance count.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="baseVertex">The starting index offset for the vertex buffer.</param>
+    /// <param name="startIndex">The starting index offset for the index buffer.</param>
+    /// <param name="primitiveCount">The number of primitives to draw.</param>
+    /// <param name="instanceCount">The number of instances to draw.</param>
+    public void DrawIndexedPrimitives(
+        uint baseVertex,
+        uint startIndex,
+        uint primitiveCount,
+        uint instanceCount = 1
+    )
+    {
+#if DEBUG
+        AssertGraphicsPipelineBound();
+#endif
+
+        Refresh.Refresh_DrawIndexedPrimitives(
+            Handle,
+            baseVertex,
+            startIndex,
+            primitiveCount,
+            instanceCount
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Draws using a vertex buffer and an index buffer.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="baseVertex">The starting index offset for the vertex buffer.</param>
+    /// <param name="startIndex">The starting index offset for the index buffer.</param>
+    /// <param name="primitiveCount">The number of primitives to draw.</param>
+    public void DrawPrimitives(
+        uint vertexStart,
+        uint primitiveCount
+    )
+    {
+#if DEBUG
+        AssertGraphicsPipelineBound();
+#endif
+
+        Refresh.Refresh_DrawPrimitives(
+            Handle,
+            vertexStart,
+            primitiveCount
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Similar to DrawPrimitives, but parameters are set from a buffer.
+    /// The buffer must have the Indirect usage flag set.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="buffer">The draw parameters buffer.</param>
+    /// <param name="offsetInBytes">The offset to start reading from the draw parameters buffer.</param>
+    /// <param name="drawCount">The number of draw parameter sets that should be read from the buffer.</param>
+    /// <param name="stride">The byte stride between sets of draw parameters.</param>
+    public void DrawPrimitivesIndirect(
+        Buffer buffer,
+        uint offsetInBytes,
+        uint drawCount,
+        uint stride
+    )
+    {
+#if DEBUG
+        AssertGraphicsPipelineBound();
+#endif
+
+        Refresh.Refresh_DrawPrimitivesIndirect(
+            Handle,
+            buffer.Handle,
+            offsetInBytes,
+            drawCount,
+            stride
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Similar to DrawIndexedPrimitives, but parameters are set from a buffer.
+    /// The buffer must have the Indirect usage flag set.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="buffer">The draw parameters buffer.</param>
+    /// <param name="offsetInBytes">The offset to start reading from the draw parameters buffer.</param>
+    /// <param name="drawCount">The number of draw parameter sets that should be read from the buffer.</param>
+    /// <param name="stride">The byte stride between sets of draw parameters.</param>
+    public void DrawIndexedPrimitivesIndirect(
+        Buffer buffer,
+        uint offsetInBytes,
+        uint drawCount,
+        uint stride
+    )
+    {
+#if DEBUG
+        AssertGraphicsPipelineBound();
+#endif
+
+        Refresh.Refresh_DrawIndexedPrimitivesIndirect(
+            Handle,
+            buffer.Handle,
+            offsetInBytes,
+            drawCount,
+            stride
+        );
+    }
+
+#if DEBUG
+    private void AssertRenderPassPipelineFormatMatch(GraphicsPipeline graphicsPipeline)
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < graphicsPipeline.AttachmentInfo.ColorAttachmentDescriptions.Length; i += 1)
+        {
+            TextureFormat format;
+            if (i == 0)
+            {
+                format = colorFormatOne;
+            }
+            else if (i == 1)
+            {
+                format = colorFormatTwo;
+            }
+            else if (i == 2)
+            {
+                format = colorFormatThree;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                format = colorFormatFour;
+            }
+
+            TextureFormat pipelineFormat = graphicsPipeline.AttachmentInfo.ColorAttachmentDescriptions[i].Format;
+            if (pipelineFormat != format)
+            {
+                throw new System.InvalidOperationException(
+                    $"Color texture format mismatch! Pipeline expects {pipelineFormat}, render pass attachment is {format}"
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (graphicsPipeline.AttachmentInfo.HasDepthStencilAttachment)
+        {
+            TextureFormat pipelineDepthFormat = graphicsPipeline.AttachmentInfo.DepthStencilFormat;
+
+            if (!hasDepthStencilAttachment)
+            {
+                throw new System.InvalidOperationException("Pipeline expects depth attachment!");
+            }
+
+            if (pipelineDepthFormat != depthStencilFormat)
+            {
+                throw new System.InvalidOperationException(
+                    $"Depth texture format mismatch! Pipeline expects {pipelineDepthFormat}, render pass attachment is {depthStencilFormat}"
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void AssertGraphicsPipelineBound(string message = "No graphics pipeline is bound!")
+    {
+        if (currentGraphicsPipeline == null)
+        {
+            throw new System.InvalidOperationException(message);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void AssertTextureNonNull(in TextureSlice textureSlice)
+    {
+        if (textureSlice.Texture == null)
+        {
+            throw new NullReferenceException("Texture must not be null!");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void AssertTextureSamplerBindingNonNull(in TextureSamplerBinding binding)
+    {
+        if (binding.Texture == null || binding.Texture.Handle == IntPtr.Zero)
+        {
+            throw new NullReferenceException("Texture binding must not be null!");
+        }
+
+        if (binding.Sampler == null || binding.Sampler.Handle == IntPtr.Zero)
+        {
+            throw new NullReferenceException("Sampler binding must not be null!");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void AssertTextureHasSamplerFlag(Texture texture)
+    {
+        if ((texture.UsageFlags & TextureUsageFlags.Sampler) == 0)
+        {
+            throw new System.ArgumentException("The bound Texture's UsageFlags must include TextureUsageFlags.Sampler!");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void AssertTextureHasGraphicsStorageFlag(Texture texture)
+    {
+        if ((texture.UsageFlags & TextureUsageFlags.GraphicsStorage) == 0)
+        {
+            throw new System.ArgumentException("The bound Texture's UsageFlags must include TextureUsageFlags.GraphicsStorage!");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void AssertBufferNonNull(Buffer buffer)
+    {
+        if (buffer == null || buffer.Handle == IntPtr.Zero)
+        {
+            throw new System.NullReferenceException("Buffer must not be null!");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void AssertBufferHasGraphicsStorageFlag(Buffer buffer)
+    {
+        if ((buffer.UsageFlags & BufferUsageFlags.GraphicsStorage) == 0)
+        {
+            throw new System.ArgumentException("The bound Buffer's UsageFlags must include BufferUsageFlag.GraphicsStorage!");
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/RenderPassPool.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+internal class RenderPassPool
+{
+	private ConcurrentQueue<RenderPass> RenderPasses = new ConcurrentQueue<RenderPass>();
+
+	public RenderPass Obtain()
+	{
+		if (RenderPasses.TryDequeue(out RenderPass renderPass))
+		{
+			return renderPass;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			return new RenderPass();
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void Return(RenderPass renderPass)
+	{
+		RenderPasses.Enqueue(renderPass);
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/ResourceUploader.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+// FIXME: can we map the transfer buffer instead of maintaining a local pointer
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A convenience structure for creating resources and uploading data to them.
+///
+/// Note that Upload or UploadAndWait must be called after the Create methods for the data to actually be uploaded.
+///
+/// Note that this structure does not magically keep memory usage down -
+/// you may want to stagger uploads over multiple submissions to minimize memory usage.
+/// </summary>
+public unsafe class ResourceUploader : GraphicsResource
+{
+	TransferBuffer BufferTransferBuffer;
+	TransferBuffer TextureTransferBuffer;
+
+	byte* bufferData;
+	uint bufferDataOffset = 0;
+	uint bufferDataSize = 1024;
+
+	byte* textureData;
+	uint textureDataOffset = 0;
+	uint textureDataSize = 1024;
+
+	List<(uint, BufferRegion, bool)> BufferUploads = new List<(uint, BufferRegion, bool)>();
+	List<(uint, TextureRegion, bool)> TextureUploads = new List<(uint, TextureRegion, bool)>();
+
+	public ResourceUploader(GraphicsDevice device) : base(device)
+	{
+		bufferData = (byte*) NativeMemory.Alloc(bufferDataSize);
+		textureData = (byte*) NativeMemory.Alloc(textureDataSize);
+	}
+
+	// Buffers
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a Buffer with data to be uploaded.
+	/// </summary>
+	public Buffer CreateBuffer<T>(Span<T> data, BufferUsageFlags usageFlags) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		uint lengthInBytes = (uint) (Marshal.SizeOf<T>() * data.Length);
+		Buffer buffer = new Buffer(Device, usageFlags, lengthInBytes);
+
+		SetBufferData(buffer, 0, data, false);
+
+		return buffer;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Prepares upload of data into a Buffer.
+	/// </summary>
+	public void SetBufferData<T>(Buffer buffer, uint bufferOffsetInElements, Span<T> data, bool cycle) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		uint elementSize = (uint) Marshal.SizeOf<T>();
+		uint offsetInBytes = elementSize * bufferOffsetInElements;
+		uint lengthInBytes = (uint) (elementSize * data.Length);
+
+		uint resourceOffset;
+		fixed (void* spanPtr = data)
+		{
+			resourceOffset = CopyBufferData(spanPtr, lengthInBytes);
+		}
+
+		BufferRegion bufferRegion = new BufferRegion(buffer, offsetInBytes, lengthInBytes);
+		BufferUploads.Add((resourceOffset, bufferRegion, cycle));
+	}
+
+	// Textures
+
+	public Texture CreateTexture2D<T>(Span<T> pixelData, uint width, uint height) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		Texture texture = Texture.CreateTexture2D(Device, width, height, TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8, TextureUsageFlags.Sampler);
+		SetTextureData(texture, pixelData, false);
+		return texture;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a 2D Texture from compressed image data to be uploaded.
+	/// </summary>
+	public Texture CreateTexture2DFromCompressed(Span<byte> compressedImageData)
+	{
+		ImageUtils.ImageInfoFromBytes(compressedImageData, out uint width, out uint height, out uint _);
+		Texture texture = Texture.CreateTexture2D(Device, width, height, TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8, TextureUsageFlags.Sampler);
+		SetTextureDataFromCompressed(texture, compressedImageData);
+		return texture;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a 2D Texture from a compressed image stream to be uploaded.
+	/// </summary>
+	public Texture CreateTexture2DFromCompressed(Stream compressedImageStream)
+	{
+		long length = compressedImageStream.Length;
+		void* buffer = NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) length);
+		Span<byte> span = new Span<byte>(buffer, (int) length);
+		compressedImageStream.ReadExactly(span);
+
+		Texture texture = CreateTexture2DFromCompressed(span);
+
+		NativeMemory.Free(buffer);
+
+		return texture;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a 2D Texture from a compressed image file to be uploaded.
+	/// </summary>
+	public Texture CreateTexture2DFromCompressed(string compressedImageFilePath)
+	{
+		FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(compressedImageFilePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+		return CreateTexture2DFromCompressed(fileStream);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a texture from a DDS stream.
+	/// </summary>
+	public Texture CreateTextureFromDDS(Stream stream)
+	{
+		using BinaryReader reader = new BinaryReader(stream);
+		Texture texture;
+		int faces;
+		ImageUtils.ParseDDS(reader, out TextureFormat format, out int width, out int height, out int levels, out bool isCube);
+
+		if (isCube)
+		{
+			texture = Texture.CreateTextureCube(Device, (uint) width, format, TextureUsageFlags.Sampler, (uint) levels);
+			faces = 6;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			texture = Texture.CreateTexture2D(Device, (uint) width, (uint) height, format, TextureUsageFlags.Sampler, (uint) levels);
+			faces = 1;
+		}
+
+		for (int face = 0; face < faces; face += 1)
+		{
+			for (int level = 0; level < levels; level += 1)
+			{
+				int levelWidth = width >> level;
+				int levelHeight = height >> level;
+
+				int levelSize = ImageUtils.CalculateDDSLevelSize(levelWidth, levelHeight, format);
+				void* byteBuffer = NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) levelSize);
+				Span<byte> byteSpan = new Span<byte>(byteBuffer, levelSize);
+				stream.ReadExactly(byteSpan);
+
+				TextureRegion textureRegion = new TextureRegion
+				{
+					TextureSlice = new TextureSlice
+					{
+						Texture = texture,
+						Layer = (uint) face,
+						MipLevel = (uint) level
+					},
+					X = 0,
+					Y = 0,
+					Z = 0,
+					Width = (uint) levelWidth,
+					Height = (uint) levelHeight,
+					Depth = 1
+				};
+
+				SetTextureData(textureRegion, byteSpan, false);
+
+				NativeMemory.Free(byteBuffer);
+			}
+		}
+
+		return texture;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a texture from a DDS file.
+	/// </summary>
+	public Texture CreateTextureFromDDS(string path)
+	{
+		FileStream stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+		return CreateTextureFromDDS(stream);
+	}
+
+	public void SetTextureDataFromCompressed(TextureRegion textureRegion, Span<byte> compressedImageData)
+	{
+		byte* pixelData = ImageUtils.GetPixelDataFromBytes(compressedImageData, out uint _, out uint _, out uint sizeInBytes);
+		Span<byte> pixelSpan = new Span<byte>((void*) pixelData, (int) sizeInBytes);
+
+		SetTextureData(textureRegion, pixelSpan, false);
+
+		ImageUtils.FreePixelData(pixelData);
+	}
+
+	public void SetTextureDataFromCompressed(TextureRegion textureRegion, Stream compressedImageStream)
+	{
+		long length = compressedImageStream.Length;
+		void* buffer = NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) length);
+		Span<byte> span = new Span<byte>(buffer, (int) length);
+		compressedImageStream.ReadExactly(span);
+		SetTextureDataFromCompressed(textureRegion, span);
+		NativeMemory.Free(buffer);
+	}
+
+	public void SetTextureDataFromCompressed(TextureRegion textureRegion, string compressedImageFilePath)
+	{
+		FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(compressedImageFilePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+		SetTextureDataFromCompressed(textureRegion, fileStream);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Prepares upload of pixel data into a TextureSlice.
+	/// </summary>
+	public void SetTextureData<T>(TextureRegion textureRegion, Span<T> data, bool cycle) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		int elementSize = Marshal.SizeOf<T>();
+		uint dataLengthInBytes = (uint) (elementSize * data.Length);
+
+		uint resourceOffset;
+		fixed (T* dataPtr = data)
+		{
+			resourceOffset = CopyTextureData(dataPtr, dataLengthInBytes, Texture.BytesPerPixel(textureRegion.TextureSlice.Texture.Format));
+		}
+
+		TextureUploads.Add((resourceOffset, textureRegion, cycle));
+	}
+
+	// Upload
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Uploads all the data corresponding to the created resources.
+	/// </summary>
+	public void Upload()
+	{
+		CopyToTransferBuffer();
+
+		CommandBuffer commandBuffer = Device.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+		RecordUploadCommands(commandBuffer);
+		Device.Submit(commandBuffer);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Uploads and then blocks until the upload is finished.
+	/// This is useful for keeping memory usage down during threaded upload.
+	/// </summary>
+	public void UploadAndWait()
+	{
+		CopyToTransferBuffer();
+
+		CommandBuffer commandBuffer = Device.AcquireCommandBuffer();
+		RecordUploadCommands(commandBuffer);
+		Fence fence = Device.SubmitAndAcquireFence(commandBuffer);
+		Device.WaitForFence(fence);
+		Device.ReleaseFence(fence);
+	}
+
+	// Helper methods
+
+	private void CopyToTransferBuffer()
+	{
+		if (BufferUploads.Count > 0)
+		{
+			if (BufferTransferBuffer == null || BufferTransferBuffer.Size < bufferDataSize)
+			{
+				BufferTransferBuffer?.Dispose();
+				BufferTransferBuffer = new TransferBuffer(Device, TransferBufferUsage.Upload, bufferDataSize);
+			}
+
+			Span<byte> dataSpan = new Span<byte>(bufferData, (int) bufferDataSize);
+			BufferTransferBuffer.SetData(dataSpan, true);
+		}
+
+
+		if (TextureUploads.Count > 0)
+		{
+			if (TextureTransferBuffer == null || TextureTransferBuffer.Size < textureDataSize)
+			{
+				TextureTransferBuffer?.Dispose();
+				TextureTransferBuffer = new TransferBuffer(Device, TransferBufferUsage.Upload, textureDataSize);
+			}
+
+			Span<byte> dataSpan = new Span<byte>(textureData, (int) textureDataSize);
+			TextureTransferBuffer.SetData(dataSpan, true);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void RecordUploadCommands(CommandBuffer commandBuffer)
+	{
+		CopyPass copyPass = commandBuffer.BeginCopyPass();
+
+		foreach ((uint transferOffset, BufferRegion bufferRegion, bool option) in BufferUploads)
+		{
+			copyPass.UploadToBuffer(
+				new TransferBufferLocation(BufferTransferBuffer, transferOffset),
+				bufferRegion,
+				option
+			);
+		}
+
+		foreach ((uint transferOffset, TextureRegion textureRegion, bool option) in TextureUploads)
+		{
+			copyPass.UploadToTexture(
+				new TextureTransferInfo(TextureTransferBuffer, transferOffset),
+				textureRegion,
+				option
+			);
+		}
+
+		commandBuffer.EndCopyPass(copyPass);
+
+		BufferUploads.Clear();
+		TextureUploads.Clear();
+		bufferDataOffset = 0;
+	}
+
+	private uint CopyBufferData(void* ptr, uint lengthInBytes)
+	{
+		if (bufferDataOffset + lengthInBytes >= bufferDataSize)
+		{
+			bufferDataSize = bufferDataOffset + lengthInBytes;
+			bufferData = (byte*) NativeMemory.Realloc(bufferData, bufferDataSize);
+		}
+
+		uint resourceOffset = bufferDataOffset;
+
+		NativeMemory.Copy(ptr, bufferData + bufferDataOffset, lengthInBytes);
+		bufferDataOffset += lengthInBytes;
+
+		return resourceOffset;
+	}
+
+	private uint CopyTextureData(void* ptr, uint lengthInBytes, uint alignment)
+	{
+		textureDataOffset = RoundToAlignment(textureDataOffset, alignment);
+
+		if (textureDataOffset + lengthInBytes >= textureDataSize)
+		{
+			textureDataSize = textureDataOffset + lengthInBytes;
+			textureData = (byte*) NativeMemory.Realloc(textureData, textureDataSize);
+		}
+
+		uint resourceOffset = textureDataOffset;
+
+		NativeMemory.Copy(ptr, textureData + textureDataOffset, lengthInBytes);
+		textureDataOffset += lengthInBytes;
+
+		return resourceOffset;
+	}
+
+	private uint RoundToAlignment(uint value, uint alignment)
+	{
+		return alignment * ((value + alignment - 1) / alignment);
+	}
+
+	// Dispose
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// It is valid to immediately call Dispose after calling Upload.
+	/// </summary>
+	protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
+	{
+		if (!IsDisposed)
+		{
+			if (disposing)
+			{
+				BufferTransferBuffer?.Dispose();
+				TextureTransferBuffer?.Dispose();
+			}
+
+			NativeMemory.Free(bufferData);
+		}
+		base.Dispose(disposing);
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/Resources/Buffer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using RefreshCS;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A data container that can be efficiently used by the GPU.
+/// </summary>
+public class Buffer : RefreshResource
+{
+	protected override Action<IntPtr, IntPtr> ReleaseFunction => Refresh.Refresh_ReleaseBuffer;
+
+	public BufferUsageFlags UsageFlags { get; }
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Size in bytes.
+	/// </summary>
+	public uint Size { get; }
+
+	private string name;
+	public string Name
+	{
+		get => name;
+
+		set
+		{
+			if (Device.DebugMode)
+			{
+				Refresh.Refresh_SetBufferName(
+					Device.Handle,
+					Handle,
+					value
+				);
+			}
+
+			name = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a buffer of appropriate size given a type and element count.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <typeparam name="T">The type that the buffer will contain.</typeparam>
+	/// <param name="device">The GraphicsDevice.</param>
+	/// <param name="usageFlags">Specifies how the buffer will be used.</param>
+	/// <param name="elementCount">How many elements of type T the buffer will contain.</param>
+	/// <returns></returns>
+	public unsafe static Buffer Create<T>(
+		GraphicsDevice device,
+		BufferUsageFlags usageFlags,
+		uint elementCount
+	) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		return new Buffer(
+			device,
+			usageFlags,
+			(uint) Marshal.SizeOf<T>() * elementCount
+		);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a buffer.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="device">An initialized GraphicsDevice.</param>
+	/// <param name="usageFlags">Specifies how the buffer will be used.</param>
+	/// <param name="sizeInBytes">The length of the array. Cannot be resized.</param>
+	public Buffer(
+		GraphicsDevice device,
+		BufferUsageFlags usageFlags,
+		uint sizeInBytes
+	) : base(device)
+	{
+		Handle = Refresh.Refresh_CreateBuffer(
+			device.Handle,
+			(Refresh.BufferUsageFlags) usageFlags,
+			sizeInBytes
+		);
+		UsageFlags = usageFlags;
+		Size = sizeInBytes;
+		name = "";
+	}
+
+	public static implicit operator BufferBinding(Buffer b)
+	{
+		return new BufferBinding(b, 0);
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/Resources/ComputePipeline.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+using RefreshCS;
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Compute pipelines perform arbitrary parallel processing on input data.
+/// </summary>
+public class ComputePipeline : RefreshResource
+{
+	protected override Action<IntPtr, IntPtr> ReleaseFunction => Refresh.Refresh_ReleaseComputePipeline;
+
+	public uint ReadOnlyStorageTextureCount { get; }
+	public uint ReadOnlyStorageBufferCount { get; }
+	public uint ReadWriteStorageTextureCount { get; }
+	public uint ReadWriteStorageBufferCount { get; }
+	public uint UniformBufferCount { get; }
+
+	public ComputePipeline(
+		GraphicsDevice device,
+		string filePath,
+		string entryPointName,
+		in ComputePipelineCreateInfo computePipelineCreateInfo
+	) : base(device)
+	{
+		using FileStream stream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+		Handle = CreateFromStream(device, stream, entryPointName, computePipelineCreateInfo);
+
+		ReadOnlyStorageTextureCount = computePipelineCreateInfo.ReadOnlyStorageTextureCount;
+		ReadOnlyStorageBufferCount = computePipelineCreateInfo.ReadOnlyStorageBufferCount;
+		ReadWriteStorageTextureCount = computePipelineCreateInfo.ReadWriteStorageTextureCount;
+		ReadWriteStorageBufferCount = computePipelineCreateInfo.ReadWriteStorageBufferCount;
+		UniformBufferCount = computePipelineCreateInfo.UniformBufferCount;
+	}
+
+	public ComputePipeline(
+		GraphicsDevice device,
+		Stream stream,
+		string entryPointName,
+		in ComputePipelineCreateInfo computePipelineCreateInfo
+	) : base(device)
+	{
+		Handle = CreateFromStream(device, stream, entryPointName, computePipelineCreateInfo);
+
+		ReadOnlyStorageTextureCount = computePipelineCreateInfo.ReadOnlyStorageTextureCount;
+		ReadOnlyStorageBufferCount = computePipelineCreateInfo.ReadOnlyStorageBufferCount;
+		ReadWriteStorageTextureCount = computePipelineCreateInfo.ReadWriteStorageTextureCount;
+		ReadWriteStorageBufferCount = computePipelineCreateInfo.ReadWriteStorageBufferCount;
+		UniformBufferCount = computePipelineCreateInfo.UniformBufferCount;
+	}
+
+	private static unsafe nint CreateFromStream(
+		GraphicsDevice device,
+		Stream stream,
+		string entryPointName,
+		in ComputePipelineCreateInfo computePipelineCreateInfo
+	) {
+		byte* bytecodeBuffer = (byte*) NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) stream.Length);
+		Span<byte> bytecodeSpan = new Span<byte>(bytecodeBuffer, (int) stream.Length);
+		stream.ReadExactly(bytecodeSpan);
+
+		Refresh.ComputePipelineCreateInfo refreshPipelineCreateInfo;
+		refreshPipelineCreateInfo.Code = bytecodeBuffer;
+		refreshPipelineCreateInfo.CodeSize = (nuint) stream.Length;
+		refreshPipelineCreateInfo.EntryPointName = entryPointName;
+		refreshPipelineCreateInfo.Format = (Refresh.ShaderFormat) computePipelineCreateInfo.ShaderFormat;
+		refreshPipelineCreateInfo.ReadOnlyStorageTextureCount = computePipelineCreateInfo.ReadOnlyStorageTextureCount;
+		refreshPipelineCreateInfo.ReadOnlyStorageBufferCount = computePipelineCreateInfo.ReadOnlyStorageBufferCount;
+		refreshPipelineCreateInfo.ReadWriteStorageTextureCount = computePipelineCreateInfo.ReadWriteStorageTextureCount;
+		refreshPipelineCreateInfo.ReadWriteStorageBufferCount = computePipelineCreateInfo.ReadWriteStorageBufferCount;
+		refreshPipelineCreateInfo.UniformBufferCount = computePipelineCreateInfo.UniformBufferCount;
+		refreshPipelineCreateInfo.ThreadCountX = computePipelineCreateInfo.ThreadCountX;
+		refreshPipelineCreateInfo.ThreadCountY = computePipelineCreateInfo.ThreadCountY;
+		refreshPipelineCreateInfo.ThreadCountZ = computePipelineCreateInfo.ThreadCountZ;
+
+		IntPtr computePipelineHandle = Refresh.Refresh_CreateComputePipeline(
+			device.Handle,
+			refreshPipelineCreateInfo
+		);
+
+		if (computePipelineHandle == nint.Zero)
+		{
+			throw new Exception("Could not create compute pipeline!");
+		}
+
+		NativeMemory.Free(bytecodeBuffer);
+		return computePipelineHandle;
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/Resources/Fence.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+using System;
+using RefreshCS;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Fences allow you to track the status of a submitted command buffer. <br/>
+/// You should only acquire a Fence if you will need to track the command buffer. <br/>
+/// You should make sure to call GraphicsDevice.ReleaseFence when done with a Fence to avoid memory growth. <br/>
+/// The Fence object itself is basically just a wrapper for the Refresh_Fence. <br/>
+/// The internal handle is replaced so that we can pool Fence objects to manage garbage.
+/// </summary>
+public class Fence : RefreshResource
+{
+	protected override Action<nint, nint> ReleaseFunction => Refresh.Refresh_ReleaseFence;
+
+	internal Fence(GraphicsDevice device) : base(device)
+	{
+	}
+
+	internal void SetHandle(nint handle)
+	{
+		Handle = handle;
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/Resources/GraphicsPipeline.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using RefreshCS;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Graphics pipelines encapsulate all of the render state in a single object. <br/>
+/// These pipelines are bound before draw calls are issued.
+/// </summary>
+public class GraphicsPipeline : RefreshResource
+{
+	protected override Action<IntPtr, IntPtr> ReleaseFunction => Refresh.Refresh_ReleaseGraphicsPipeline;
+
+	public Shader VertexShader;
+	public Shader FragmentShader;
+	public SampleCount SampleCount { get; }
+
+#if DEBUG
+	internal GraphicsPipelineAttachmentInfo AttachmentInfo { get; }
+#endif
+
+	public unsafe GraphicsPipeline(
+		GraphicsDevice device,
+		in GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo graphicsPipelineCreateInfo
+	) : base(device)
+	{
+		Refresh.GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo refreshGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo;
+
+		Refresh.VertexAttribute* vertexAttributes = (Refresh.VertexAttribute*) NativeMemory.Alloc(
+			(nuint) (graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.VertexInputState.VertexAttributes.Length * Marshal.SizeOf<Refresh.VertexAttribute>())
+		);
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.VertexInputState.VertexAttributes.Length; i += 1)
+		{
+			vertexAttributes[i] = graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.VertexInputState.VertexAttributes[i].ToRefresh();
+		}
+
+		Refresh.VertexBinding* vertexBindings = (Refresh.VertexBinding*) NativeMemory.Alloc(
+			(nuint) (graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.VertexInputState.VertexBindings.Length * Marshal.SizeOf<Refresh.VertexBinding>())
+		);
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.VertexInputState.VertexBindings.Length; i += 1)
+		{
+			vertexBindings[i] = graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.VertexInputState.VertexBindings[i].ToRefresh();
+		}
+
+		Refresh.ColorAttachmentDescription* colorAttachmentDescriptions = stackalloc Refresh.ColorAttachmentDescription[
+			graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.AttachmentInfo.ColorAttachmentDescriptions.Length
+		];
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.AttachmentInfo.ColorAttachmentDescriptions.Length; i += 1)
+		{
+			colorAttachmentDescriptions[i].Format = (Refresh.TextureFormat) graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.AttachmentInfo.ColorAttachmentDescriptions[i].Format;
+			colorAttachmentDescriptions[i].BlendState = graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.AttachmentInfo.ColorAttachmentDescriptions[i].BlendState.ToRefresh();
+		}
+
+		refreshGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo.VertexShader = graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.VertexShader.Handle;
+		refreshGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo.FragmentShader = graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.FragmentShader.Handle;
+
+		refreshGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo.VertexInputState.VertexAttributes = vertexAttributes;
+		refreshGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo.VertexInputState.VertexAttributeCount = (uint) graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.VertexInputState.VertexAttributes.Length;
+		refreshGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo.VertexInputState.VertexBindings = vertexBindings;
+		refreshGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo.VertexInputState.VertexBindingCount = (uint) graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.VertexInputState.VertexBindings.Length;
+
+		refreshGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo.PrimitiveType = (Refresh.PrimitiveType) graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.PrimitiveType;
+
+		refreshGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo.RasterizerState = graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.RasterizerState.ToRefresh();
+		refreshGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo.MultisampleState = graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.MultisampleState.ToRefresh();
+		refreshGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo.DepthStencilState = graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.DepthStencilState.ToRefresh();
+
+		refreshGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo.AttachmentInfo.ColorAttachmentCount = (uint) graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.AttachmentInfo.ColorAttachmentDescriptions.Length;
+		refreshGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo.AttachmentInfo.ColorAttachmentDescriptions = colorAttachmentDescriptions;
+		refreshGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo.AttachmentInfo.DepthStencilFormat = (Refresh.TextureFormat) graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.AttachmentInfo.DepthStencilFormat;
+		refreshGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo.AttachmentInfo.HasDepthStencilAttachment = Conversions.BoolToInt(graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.AttachmentInfo.HasDepthStencilAttachment);
+
+		refreshGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo.BlendConstants[0] = graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.BlendConstants.R;
+		refreshGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo.BlendConstants[1] = graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.BlendConstants.G;
+		refreshGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo.BlendConstants[2] = graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.BlendConstants.B;
+		refreshGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo.BlendConstants[3] = graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.BlendConstants.A;
+
+		Handle = Refresh.Refresh_CreateGraphicsPipeline(device.Handle, refreshGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo);
+		if (Handle == IntPtr.Zero)
+		{
+			throw new Exception("Could not create graphics pipeline!");
+		}
+
+		NativeMemory.Free(vertexAttributes);
+		NativeMemory.Free(vertexBindings);
+
+		VertexShader = graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.VertexShader;
+		FragmentShader = graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.FragmentShader;
+		SampleCount = graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.MultisampleState.MultisampleCount;
+
+#if DEBUG
+		AttachmentInfo = graphicsPipelineCreateInfo.AttachmentInfo;
+#endif
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/Resources/Sampler.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+using System;
+using RefreshCS;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Specifies how a texture will be sampled in a shader.
+/// </summary>
+public class Sampler : RefreshResource
+{
+	protected override Action<IntPtr, IntPtr> ReleaseFunction => Refresh.Refresh_ReleaseSampler;
+
+	public Sampler(
+		GraphicsDevice device,
+		in SamplerCreateInfo samplerCreateInfo
+	) : base(device)
+	{
+		Handle = Refresh.Refresh_CreateSampler(
+			device.Handle,
+			samplerCreateInfo.ToRefresh()
+		);
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/Resources/Shader.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+using RefreshCS;
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Shaders are used to create graphics pipelines.
+/// Graphics pipelines take a vertex shader and a fragment shader.
+/// </summary>
+public class Shader : RefreshResource
+{
+	protected override Action<IntPtr, IntPtr> ReleaseFunction => Refresh.Refresh_ReleaseShader;
+
+	public uint SamplerCount { get; }
+	public uint StorageTextureCount { get; }
+	public uint StorageBufferCount { get; }
+	public uint UniformBufferCount { get; }
+
+	public unsafe Shader(
+		GraphicsDevice device,
+		string filePath,
+		string entryPointName,
+		in ShaderCreateInfo shaderCreateInfo
+	) : base(device)
+	{
+		using FileStream stream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+		Handle = CreateFromStream(
+			device,
+			stream,
+			entryPointName,
+			shaderCreateInfo
+		);
+
+		SamplerCount = shaderCreateInfo.SamplerCount;
+		StorageTextureCount = shaderCreateInfo.StorageTextureCount;
+		StorageBufferCount = shaderCreateInfo.StorageBufferCount;
+		UniformBufferCount = shaderCreateInfo.UniformBufferCount;
+	}
+
+	public unsafe Shader(
+		GraphicsDevice device,
+		Stream stream,
+		string entryPointName,
+		in ShaderCreateInfo shaderCreateInfo
+	) : base(device)
+	{
+		Handle = CreateFromStream(
+			device,
+			stream,
+			entryPointName,
+			shaderCreateInfo
+		);
+
+		SamplerCount = shaderCreateInfo.SamplerCount;
+		StorageTextureCount = shaderCreateInfo.StorageTextureCount;
+		StorageBufferCount = shaderCreateInfo.StorageBufferCount;
+		UniformBufferCount = shaderCreateInfo.UniformBufferCount;
+	}
+
+	private static unsafe IntPtr CreateFromStream(
+		GraphicsDevice device,
+		Stream stream,
+		string entryPointName,
+		in ShaderCreateInfo shaderCreateInfo
+	) {
+		void* bytecodeBuffer = NativeMemory.Alloc((nuint) stream.Length);
+		Span<byte> bytecodeSpan = new Span<byte>(bytecodeBuffer, (int) stream.Length);
+		stream.ReadExactly(bytecodeSpan);
+
+		Refresh.ShaderCreateInfo refreshShaderCreateInfo;
+		refreshShaderCreateInfo.CodeSize = (nuint) stream.Length;
+		refreshShaderCreateInfo.Code = (byte*) bytecodeBuffer;
+		refreshShaderCreateInfo.EntryPointName = entryPointName;
+		refreshShaderCreateInfo.Stage = (Refresh.ShaderStage) shaderCreateInfo.ShaderStage;
+		refreshShaderCreateInfo.Format = (Refresh.ShaderFormat) shaderCreateInfo.ShaderFormat;
+		refreshShaderCreateInfo.SamplerCount = shaderCreateInfo.SamplerCount;
+		refreshShaderCreateInfo.StorageTextureCount = shaderCreateInfo.StorageTextureCount;
+		refreshShaderCreateInfo.StorageBufferCount = shaderCreateInfo.StorageBufferCount;
+		refreshShaderCreateInfo.UniformBufferCount = shaderCreateInfo.UniformBufferCount;
+
+		IntPtr shaderModule = Refresh.Refresh_CreateShader(
+			device.Handle,
+			refreshShaderCreateInfo
+		);
+
+		NativeMemory.Free(bytecodeBuffer);
+		return shaderModule;
+	}
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/Resources/Texture.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+using System;
+using RefreshCS;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A multi-dimensional data container that can be efficiently used by the GPU.
+/// </summary>
+public class Texture : RefreshResource
+{
+	public uint Width { get; internal set; }
+	public uint Height { get; internal set; }
+	public uint Depth { get; }
+	public TextureFormat Format { get; internal set; }
+	public bool IsCube { get; }
+	public uint LayerCount { get; }
+	public uint LevelCount { get; }
+	public SampleCount SampleCount { get; }
+	public TextureUsageFlags UsageFlags { get; }
+	public uint Size { get; }
+
+	private string name;
+	public string Name
+	{
+		get => name;
+
+		set
+		{
+			if (Device.DebugMode)
+			{
+				Refresh.Refresh_SetTextureName(
+					Device.Handle,
+					Handle,
+					value
+				);
+			}
+
+			name = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// FIXME: this allocates a delegate instance
+	protected override Action<IntPtr, IntPtr> ReleaseFunction => Refresh.Refresh_ReleaseTexture;
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a 2D texture.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="device">An initialized GraphicsDevice.</param>
+	/// <param name="width">The width of the texture.</param>
+	/// <param name="height">The height of the texture.</param>
+	/// <param name="format">The format of the texture.</param>
+	/// <param name="usageFlags">Specifies how the texture will be used.</param>
+	/// <param name="levelCount">Specifies the number of mip levels.</param>
+	public static Texture CreateTexture2D(
+		GraphicsDevice device,
+		uint width,
+		uint height,
+		TextureFormat format,
+		TextureUsageFlags usageFlags,
+		uint levelCount = 1,
+		SampleCount sampleCount = SampleCount.One
+	) {
+		TextureCreateInfo textureCreateInfo = new TextureCreateInfo
+		{
+			Width = width,
+			Height = height,
+			Depth = 1,
+			IsCube = false,
+			LayerCount = 1,
+			LevelCount = levelCount,
+			SampleCount = sampleCount,
+			Format = format,
+			UsageFlags = usageFlags
+		};
+
+		return new Texture(device, textureCreateInfo);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a 2D texture array.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="device">An initialized GraphicsDevice.</param>
+	/// <param name="width">The width of the texture.</param>
+	/// <param name="height">The height of the texture.</param>
+	/// <param name="layerCount">The layer count of the texture.</param>
+	/// <param name="format">The format of the texture.</param>
+	/// <param name="usageFlags">Specifies how the texture will be used.</param>
+	/// <param name="levelCount">Specifies the number of mip levels.</param>
+	public static Texture CreateTexture2DArray(
+		GraphicsDevice device,
+		uint width,
+		uint height,
+		uint layerCount,
+		TextureFormat format,
+		TextureUsageFlags usageFlags,
+		uint levelCount = 1
+	) {
+		TextureCreateInfo textureCreateInfo = new TextureCreateInfo
+		{
+			Width = width,
+			Height = height,
+			Depth = 1,
+			IsCube = false,
+			LayerCount = layerCount,
+			LevelCount = levelCount,
+			Format = format,
+			UsageFlags = usageFlags
+		};
+
+		return new Texture(device, textureCreateInfo);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a 3D texture.
+	/// Note that the width, height and depth all form one slice and cannot be subdivided in a texture slice.
+	/// </summary>
+	public static Texture CreateTexture3D(
+		GraphicsDevice device,
+		uint width,
+		uint height,
+		uint depth,
+		TextureFormat format,
+		TextureUsageFlags usageFlags,
+		uint levelCount = 1
+	) {
+		TextureCreateInfo textureCreateInfo = new TextureCreateInfo
+		{
+			Width = width,
+			Height = height,
+			Depth = depth,
+			IsCube = false,
+			LayerCount = 1,
+			LevelCount = levelCount,
+			Format = format,
+			UsageFlags = usageFlags
+		};
+
+		return new Texture(device, textureCreateInfo);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a cube texture.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="device">An initialized GraphicsDevice.</param>
+	/// <param name="size">The length of one side of the cube.</param>
+	/// <param name="format">The format of the texture.</param>
+	/// <param name="usageFlags">Specifies how the texture will be used.</param>
+	/// <param name="levelCount">Specifies the number of mip levels.</param>
+	public static Texture CreateTextureCube(
+		GraphicsDevice device,
+		uint size,
+		TextureFormat format,
+		TextureUsageFlags usageFlags,
+		uint levelCount = 1
+	) {
+		TextureCreateInfo textureCreateInfo = new TextureCreateInfo
+		{
+			Width = size,
+			Height = size,
+			Depth = 1,
+			IsCube = true,
+			LayerCount = 6,
+			LevelCount = levelCount,
+			Format = format,
+			UsageFlags = usageFlags
+		};
+
+		return new Texture(device, textureCreateInfo);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a new texture using a TextureCreateInfo struct.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="device">An initialized GraphicsDevice.</param>
+	/// <param name="textureCreateInfo">The parameters to use when creating the texture.</param>
+	public Texture(
+		GraphicsDevice device,
+		in TextureCreateInfo textureCreateInfo
+	) : base(device)
+	{
+		Handle = Refresh.Refresh_CreateTexture(
+			device.Handle,
+			textureCreateInfo.ToRefresh()
+		);
+
+		Format = textureCreateInfo.Format;
+		Width = textureCreateInfo.Width;
+		Height = textureCreateInfo.Height;
+		Depth = textureCreateInfo.Depth;
+		IsCube = textureCreateInfo.IsCube;
+		LayerCount = textureCreateInfo.LayerCount;
+		LevelCount = textureCreateInfo.LevelCount;
+		SampleCount = textureCreateInfo.SampleCount;
+		UsageFlags = textureCreateInfo.UsageFlags;
+		Size = Width * Height * BytesPerPixel(Format) / BlockSizeSquared(Format);
+		name = "";
+	}
+
+	// Used by Window. Swapchain texture handles are managed by the driver backend.
+	internal Texture(
+		GraphicsDevice device,
+		TextureFormat format
+	) : base(device)
+	{
+		Handle = IntPtr.Zero;
+
+		Format = format;
+		Width = 0;
+		Height = 0;
+		Depth = 1;
+		IsCube = false;
+		LevelCount = 1;
+		SampleCount = SampleCount.One;
+		UsageFlags = TextureUsageFlags.ColorTarget;
+		Size = Width * Height * BytesPerPixel(Format) / BlockSizeSquared(Format);
+	}
+
+	public static uint BytesPerPixel(TextureFormat format)
+	{
+		switch (format)
+		{
+			case TextureFormat.R8:
+			case TextureFormat.R8_UINT:
+				return 1;
+			case TextureFormat.R5G6B5:
+			case TextureFormat.B4G4R4A4:
+			case TextureFormat.A1R5G5B5:
+			case TextureFormat.R16_SFLOAT:
+			case TextureFormat.R8G8_SNORM:
+			case TextureFormat.R8G8_UINT:
+			case TextureFormat.R16_UINT:
+			case TextureFormat.D16_UNORM:
+				return 2;
+			case TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8:
+			case TextureFormat.B8G8R8A8:
+			case TextureFormat.R32_SFLOAT:
+			case TextureFormat.R16G16:
+			case TextureFormat.R16G16_SFLOAT:
+			case TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8_SNORM:
+			case TextureFormat.A2R10G10B10:
+			case TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8_UINT:
+			case TextureFormat.R16G16_UINT:
+			case TextureFormat.D24_UNORM_S8_UINT:
+			case TextureFormat.D32_SFLOAT:
+				return 4;
+			case TextureFormat.D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT:
+				return 5;
+			case TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT:
+			case TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16:
+			case TextureFormat.R32G32_SFLOAT:
+			case TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16_UINT:
+			case TextureFormat.BC1:
+				return 8;
+			case TextureFormat.R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT:
+			case TextureFormat.BC2:
+			case TextureFormat.BC3:
+			case TextureFormat.BC7:
+				return 16;
+			default:
+				Log.Error("Texture format not recognized!");
+				return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static uint TexelSize(TextureFormat format)
+	{
+		switch (format)
+		{
+			case TextureFormat.BC2:
+			case TextureFormat.BC3:
+			case TextureFormat.BC7:
+				return 16;
+			case TextureFormat.BC1:
+				return 8;
+			default:
+				return 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static uint BlockSizeSquared(TextureFormat format)
+	{
+		switch (format)
+		{
+			case TextureFormat.BC1:
+			case TextureFormat.BC2:
+			case TextureFormat.BC3:
+			case TextureFormat.BC7:
+				return 16;
+			case TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8:
+			case TextureFormat.B8G8R8A8:
+			case TextureFormat.R5G6B5:
+			case TextureFormat.A1R5G5B5:
+			case TextureFormat.B4G4R4A4:
+			case TextureFormat.A2R10G10B10:
+			case TextureFormat.R16G16:
+			case TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16:
+			case TextureFormat.R8:
+			case TextureFormat.R8G8_SNORM:
+			case TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8_SNORM:
+			case TextureFormat.R16_SFLOAT:
+			case TextureFormat.R16G16_SFLOAT:
+			case TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT:
+			case TextureFormat.R32_SFLOAT:
+			case TextureFormat.R32G32_SFLOAT:
+			case TextureFormat.R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT:
+			case TextureFormat.R8_UINT:
+			case TextureFormat.R8G8_UINT:
+			case TextureFormat.R8G8B8A8_UINT:
+			case TextureFormat.R16_UINT:
+			case TextureFormat.R16G16_UINT:
+			case TextureFormat.R16G16B16A16_UINT:
+			case TextureFormat.D16_UNORM:
+			case TextureFormat.D24_UNORM:
+			case TextureFormat.D24_UNORM_S8_UINT:
+			case TextureFormat.D32_SFLOAT:
+			case TextureFormat.D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT:
+				return 1;
+			default:
+				Log.Error("Texture format not recognized!");
+				return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static implicit operator TextureSlice(Texture t) => new TextureSlice(t);
+	public static implicit operator TextureRegion(Texture t) => new TextureRegion(t);
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/Resources/TransferBuffer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using RefreshCS;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime.Graphics;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// A data container that can efficiently transfer data to and from the GPU.
+/// </summary>
+public unsafe class TransferBuffer : RefreshResource
+{
+	protected override Action<IntPtr, IntPtr> ReleaseFunction => Refresh.Refresh_ReleaseTransferBuffer;
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Size in bytes.
+	/// </summary>
+	public uint Size { get; }
+
+#if DEBUG
+	public bool Mapped { get; private set; }
+#endif
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a buffer of requested size given a type and element count.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <typeparam name="T">The type that the buffer will contain.</typeparam>
+	/// <param name="device">The GraphicsDevice.</param>
+	/// <param name="elementCount">How many elements of type T the buffer will contain.</param>
+	/// <returns></returns>
+	public unsafe static TransferBuffer Create<T>(
+		GraphicsDevice device,
+		TransferBufferUsage usage,
+		uint elementCount
+	) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		return new TransferBuffer(
+			device,
+			usage,
+			(uint) Marshal.SizeOf<T>() * elementCount
+		);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Creates a TransferBuffer.
+	/// </summary>
+	/// <param name="device">An initialized GraphicsDevice.</param>
+	/// <param name="usage">Whether this will be used to upload buffers or textures.</param>
+	/// <param name="sizeInBytes">The length of the buffer. Cannot be resized.</param>
+	public TransferBuffer(
+		GraphicsDevice device,
+		TransferBufferUsage usage,
+		uint sizeInBytes
+	) : base(device)
+	{
+		Handle = Refresh.Refresh_CreateTransferBuffer(
+			device.Handle,
+			(Refresh.TransferBufferUsage) usage,
+			sizeInBytes
+		);
+		Size = sizeInBytes;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Immediately copies data from a Span to the TransferBuffer.
+	/// Returns the length of the copy in bytes.
+	///
+	/// If cycle is set to true and this TransferBuffer was used in an Upload command,
+	/// that command will still use the correct data at the cost of increased memory usage.
+	///
+	/// If cycle is set to false, the data will be overwritten immediately,
+	/// which could cause a data race.
+	/// </summary>
+	public unsafe uint SetData<T>(
+		Span<T> source,
+		uint bufferOffsetInBytes,
+		bool cycle
+	) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		int elementSize = Marshal.SizeOf<T>();
+		uint dataLengthInBytes = (uint) (elementSize * source.Length);
+
+#if DEBUG
+		AssertBufferBoundsCheck(Size, bufferOffsetInBytes, dataLengthInBytes);
+		AssertNotMapped();
+#endif
+
+		fixed (T* dataPtr = source)
+		{
+			Refresh.Refresh_SetTransferData(
+				Device.Handle,
+				(nint) dataPtr,
+				new Refresh.TransferBufferRegion
+				{
+					TransferBuffer = Handle,
+					Offset = bufferOffsetInBytes,
+					Size = dataLengthInBytes
+				},
+				Conversions.BoolToInt(cycle)
+			);
+		}
+
+		return dataLengthInBytes;
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Immediately copies data from a Span to the TransferBuffer.
+	/// Returns the length of the copy in bytes.
+	///
+	/// If cycle is set to true and this TransferBuffer was used in an Upload command,
+	/// that command will still use the corret data at the cost of increased memory usage.
+	///
+	/// If cycle is set to false, the data will be overwritten immediately,
+	/// which could cause a data race.
+	/// </summary>
+	public unsafe uint SetData<T>(
+		Span<T> source,
+		bool cycle
+	) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		return SetData(source, 0, cycle);
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Immediately copies data from the TransferBuffer into a Span.
+	/// </summary>
+	public unsafe void GetData<T>(
+		Span<T> destination,
+		uint bufferOffsetInBytes = 0
+	) where T : unmanaged
+	{
+		int elementSize = Marshal.SizeOf<T>();
+		uint dataLengthInBytes = (uint) (elementSize * destination.Length);
+
+#if DEBUG
+		AssertBufferBoundsCheck(Size, bufferOffsetInBytes, dataLengthInBytes);
+		AssertNotMapped();
+#endif
+
+		fixed (T* dataPtr = destination)
+		{
+			Refresh.Refresh_GetTransferData(
+				Device.Handle,
+				new Refresh.TransferBufferRegion
+				{
+					TransferBuffer = Handle,
+					Offset = bufferOffsetInBytes,
+					Size = dataLengthInBytes
+				},
+				(nint) dataPtr
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Maps the transfer buffer into application address space.
+	/// You must call Unmap before encoding transfer commands.
+	/// </summary>
+	public unsafe void Map(bool cycle, out byte* data)
+	{
+#if DEBUG
+		AssertNotMapped();
+#endif
+
+		Refresh.Refresh_MapTransferBuffer(
+			Device.Handle,
+			Handle,
+			Conversions.BoolToInt(cycle),
+			out data
+		);
+
+#if DEBUG
+		Mapped = true;
+#endif
+	}
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Unmaps the transfer buffer.
+	/// The pointer given by Map is no longer valid.
+	/// </summary>
+	public void Unmap()
+	{
+		Refresh.Refresh_UnmapTransferBuffer(
+			Device.Handle,
+			Handle
+		);
+
+#if DEBUG
+		Mapped = false;
+#endif
+	}
+
+#if DEBUG
+	private void AssertBufferBoundsCheck(uint bufferLengthInBytes, uint offsetInBytes, uint copyLengthInBytes)
+	{
+		if (copyLengthInBytes > bufferLengthInBytes + offsetInBytes)
+		{
+			throw new InvalidOperationException($"Data overflow! Transfer buffer length {bufferLengthInBytes}, offset {offsetInBytes}, copy length {copyLengthInBytes}");
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void AssertNotMapped()
+	{
+		if (Mapped)
+		{
+			throw new InvalidOperationException("Transfer buffer must not be mapped!");
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/StockShaders/Source/fullscreen.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#version 450
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec2 outTexCoord;
+
+void main()
+{
+	outTexCoord = vec2((gl_VertexIndex << 1) & 2, gl_VertexIndex & 2);
+	gl_Position = vec4(outTexCoord * vec2(2.0, -2.0) + vec2(-1.0, 1.0), 0.0, 1.0);
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/StockShaders/Source/text_msdf.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#version 450
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec2 inTexCoord;
+layout(location = 1) in vec4 inColor;
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 outColor;
+
+layout(set = 2, binding = 0) uniform sampler2D msdf;
+
+layout(set = 3, binding = 0) uniform UBO
+{
+	float pxRange;
+} ubo;
+
+float median(float r, float g, float b)
+{
+	return max(min(r, g), min(max(r, g), b));
+}
+
+float screenPxRange()
+{
+    vec2 unitRange = vec2(ubo.pxRange)/vec2(textureSize(msdf, 0));
+    vec2 screenTexSize = vec2(1.0)/fwidth(inTexCoord);
+    return max(0.5*dot(unitRange, screenTexSize), 1.0);
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+	vec3 msd = texture(msdf, inTexCoord).rgb;
+	float sd = median(msd.r, msd.g, msd.b);
+    float screenPxDistance = screenPxRange() * (sd - 0.5);
+    float opacity = clamp(screenPxDistance + 0.5, 0.0, 1.0);
+    outColor = mix(vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0), inColor, opacity);
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/StockShaders/Source/text_transform.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#version 450
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec3 inPos;
+layout(location = 1) in vec2 inTexCoord;
+layout(location = 2) in vec4 inColor;
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec2 outTexCoord;
+layout(location = 1) out vec4 outColor;
+
+layout(set = 1, binding = 0) uniform UBO
+{
+	mat4 ViewProjection;
+} ubo;
+
+void main()
+{
+	gl_Position = ubo.ViewProjection * vec4(inPos, 1.0);
+	outTexCoord = inTexCoord;
+	outColor = inColor;
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Graphics/StockShaders/Source/video_yuv2rgba.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * This effect is based on the YUV-to-RGBA GLSL shader found in SDL.
+ * Thus, it also released under the zlib license:
+ * http://libsdl.org/license.php
+ */
+#version 450
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec2 TexCoord;
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 FragColor;
+
+layout(set = 2, binding = 0) uniform sampler2D YSampler;
+layout(set = 2, binding = 1) uniform sampler2D USampler;
+layout(set = 2, binding = 2) uniform sampler2D VSampler;
+
+/* More info about colorspace conversion:
+ * http://www.equasys.de/colorconversion.html
+ * http://www.equasys.de/colorformat.html
+ */
+
+const vec3 offset = vec3(-0.0625, -0.5, -0.5);
+const vec3 Rcoeff = vec3(1.164,  0.000,  1.793);
+const vec3 Gcoeff = vec3(1.164, -0.213, -0.533);
+const vec3 Bcoeff = vec3(1.164,  2.112,  0.000);
+
+void main()
+{
+	vec3 yuv;
+	yuv.x = texture(YSampler, TexCoord).r;
+	yuv.y = texture(USampler, TexCoord).r;
+	yuv.z = texture(VSampler, TexCoord).r;
+	yuv += offset;
+
+	FragColor.r = dot(yuv, Rcoeff);
+	FragColor.g = dot(yuv, Gcoeff);
+	FragColor.b = dot(yuv, Bcoeff);
+	FragColor.a = 1.0;
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Input/ButtonState.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime;
+
+public enum ButtonState
+{
+    Released,
+    Pressed
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Input/Devices/GamePad.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+using SDL2;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime;
+
+public class GamePad
+{
+    private const int maxGamePads = 4;
+    private static readonly GamePad[] gamePads = new GamePad[maxGamePads];
+    private static readonly GamePad dummy = new GamePad();
+
+    public IntPtr Handle { get; private set; }
+    public bool IsConnected => Handle != IntPtr.Zero;
+    public int JoystickInstanceId { get; private set; } = -1;
+
+    private readonly ButtonState[] buttonStates;
+    private readonly ButtonState[] lastButtonStates;
+
+    static GamePad()
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < maxGamePads; i++)
+        {
+            gamePads[i] = new GamePad();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private GamePad()
+    {
+        int gamePadButtonCount = Enum.GetValues<GamePadButton>().Length;
+        buttonStates = new ButtonState[gamePadButtonCount];
+        lastButtonStates = new ButtonState[gamePadButtonCount];
+    }
+
+    public bool IsButtonDown(GamePadButton button)
+    {
+        return buttonStates[(int)button] == ButtonState.Pressed;
+    }
+
+    private void Register(IntPtr handle)
+    {
+        Handle = handle;
+        IntPtr joystickHandle = SDL.SDL_GameControllerGetJoystick(handle);
+        JoystickInstanceId = SDL.SDL_JoystickInstanceID(joystickHandle);
+        Log.Info("Controller connected");
+    }
+
+    private void UnRegister()
+    {
+        Handle = IntPtr.Zero;
+        JoystickInstanceId = -1;
+        Log.Info("Controller disconnected");
+    }
+
+    public static GamePad Get(int slot)
+    {
+        return slot >= 0 && slot < maxGamePads ? gamePads[slot] : dummy;
+    }
+
+    internal static void Update()
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < maxGamePads; i++)
+        {
+            GamePad gamePad = gamePads[i];
+            if (gamePad.IsConnected)
+            {
+                Array.Copy(gamePad.buttonStates, gamePad.lastButtonStates, gamePad.buttonStates.Length);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal static void ProcessEvent(ref SDL.SDL_Event ev)
+    {
+        switch (ev.type)
+        {
+            case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_CONTROLLERDEVICEADDED:
+                ProcessDeviceAdded(ref ev.cdevice);
+                break;
+            case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_CONTROLLERDEVICEREMOVED:
+                ProcessDeviceRemoved(ref ev.cdevice);
+                break;
+            case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_CONTROLLERBUTTONDOWN:
+                ProcessButtonDown(ref ev.cbutton);
+                break;
+            case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_CONTROLLERBUTTONUP:
+                ProcessButtonUp(ref ev.cbutton);
+                break;
+            case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_CONTROLLERAXISMOTION:
+                ProcessAxisMotion(ref ev.caxis);
+                break;
+            case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_CONTROLLERTOUCHPADDOWN:
+                ProcessTouchPadDown(ref ev.ctouchpad);
+                break;
+            case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_CONTROLLERTOUCHPADUP:
+                ProcessTouchPadUp(ref ev.ctouchpad);
+                break;
+            case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_CONTROLLERTOUCHPADMOTION:
+                ProcessTouchPadMotion(ref ev.ctouchpad);
+                break;
+            case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_CONTROLLERSENSORUPDATE:
+                ProcessSensorUpdate(ref ev.sensor);
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void ProcessDeviceAdded(ref SDL.SDL_ControllerDeviceEvent ev)
+    {
+        int index = ev.which;
+        if (SDL.SDL_IsGameController(index) == SDL.SDL_bool.SDL_TRUE)
+        {
+            int slot = -1;
+            for (int i = 0; i < maxGamePads; i++)
+            {
+                if (!gamePads[i].IsConnected)
+                {
+                    slot = i;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (slot == -1)
+            {
+                Log.Warning("Too many gamepads connected");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            IntPtr handle = SDL.SDL_GameControllerOpen(index);
+            if (handle == IntPtr.Zero)
+            {
+                Log.Error($"Failed to open gamepad: {SDL.SDL_GetError()}");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            gamePads[slot].Register(handle);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static GamePad GetByJoystickId(int joystickId)
+    {
+        for (int slot = 0; slot < maxGamePads; slot++)
+        {
+            GamePad gamePad = gamePads[slot];
+            if (gamePad.IsConnected && gamePad.JoystickInstanceId == joystickId)
+            {
+                return gamePad;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private static void ProcessDeviceRemoved(ref SDL.SDL_ControllerDeviceEvent ev)
+    {
+        GamePad gamePad = GetByJoystickId(ev.which);
+        gamePad?.UnRegister();
+    }
+
+    private static void ProcessButtonDown(ref SDL.SDL_ControllerButtonEvent ev)
+    {
+        if (TryConvertButton(ev.button, out GamePadButton button))
+        {
+            GamePad gamePad = GetByJoystickId(ev.which);
+            gamePad.buttonStates[(int)button] = ButtonState.Pressed;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void ProcessButtonUp(ref SDL.SDL_ControllerButtonEvent ev)
+    {
+        if (TryConvertButton(ev.button, out GamePadButton button))
+        {
+            GamePad gamePad = GetByJoystickId(ev.which);
+            gamePad.buttonStates[(int)button] = ButtonState.Released;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void ProcessAxisMotion(ref SDL.SDL_ControllerAxisEvent ev)
+    {
+
+    }
+
+    private static void ProcessTouchPadDown(ref SDL.SDL_ControllerTouchpadEvent ev)
+    {
+
+    }
+
+    private static void ProcessTouchPadUp(ref SDL.SDL_ControllerTouchpadEvent ev)
+    {
+
+    }
+
+    private static void ProcessTouchPadMotion(ref SDL.SDL_ControllerTouchpadEvent ev)
+    {
+
+    }
+
+    private static void ProcessSensorUpdate(ref SDL.SDL_SensorEvent ev)
+    {
+
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryConvertButton(byte rawButton, out GamePadButton button)
+    {
+        GamePadButton? result = rawButton switch
+        {
+            (byte)SDL.SDL_GameControllerButton.SDL_CONTROLLER_BUTTON_A => GamePadButton.A,
+            (byte)SDL.SDL_GameControllerButton.SDL_CONTROLLER_BUTTON_B => GamePadButton.B,
+            (byte)SDL.SDL_GameControllerButton.SDL_CONTROLLER_BUTTON_X => GamePadButton.X,
+            (byte)SDL.SDL_GameControllerButton.SDL_CONTROLLER_BUTTON_Y => GamePadButton.Y,
+            (byte)SDL.SDL_GameControllerButton.SDL_CONTROLLER_BUTTON_BACK => GamePadButton.Back,
+            (byte)SDL.SDL_GameControllerButton.SDL_CONTROLLER_BUTTON_START => GamePadButton.Start,
+            (byte)SDL.SDL_GameControllerButton.SDL_CONTROLLER_BUTTON_LEFTSTICK => GamePadButton.LeftStick,
+            (byte)SDL.SDL_GameControllerButton.SDL_CONTROLLER_BUTTON_RIGHTSTICK => GamePadButton.RightStick,
+            (byte)SDL.SDL_GameControllerButton.SDL_CONTROLLER_BUTTON_LEFTSHOULDER => GamePadButton.LeftShoulder,
+            (byte)SDL.SDL_GameControllerButton.SDL_CONTROLLER_BUTTON_RIGHTSHOULDER => GamePadButton.RightShoulder,
+            (byte)SDL.SDL_GameControllerButton.SDL_CONTROLLER_BUTTON_DPAD_UP => GamePadButton.DPadUp,
+            (byte)SDL.SDL_GameControllerButton.SDL_CONTROLLER_BUTTON_DPAD_DOWN => GamePadButton.DPadDown,
+            (byte)SDL.SDL_GameControllerButton.SDL_CONTROLLER_BUTTON_DPAD_LEFT => GamePadButton.DPadLeft,
+            (byte)SDL.SDL_GameControllerButton.SDL_CONTROLLER_BUTTON_DPAD_RIGHT => GamePadButton.DPadRight,
+            (byte)SDL.SDL_GameControllerButton.SDL_CONTROLLER_BUTTON_TOUCHPAD => GamePadButton.BigButton,
+            _ => null
+        };
+
+        button = result.GetValueOrDefault();
+        return result.HasValue;
+    }
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Input/Devices/Keyboard.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Text;
+using SDL2;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime;
+
+public static class Keyboard
+{
+    private static readonly List<char> textInput = new List<char>();
+
+    private const int maxPressedKeys = 8;
+    private static readonly List<Key> keys = new List<Key>(maxPressedKeys);
+    private static readonly List<Key> lastKeys = new List<Key>(maxPressedKeys);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// True if the key was pressed or continued to be held down this frame.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="key"></param>
+    /// <returns></returns>
+    public static bool IsKeyDown(Key key)
+    {
+        return HasKey(keys, key);
+    }
+    
+    /// <summary>
+    /// True if the key was pressed this frame.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static bool IsKeyPressed(Key key)
+    {
+        return HasKey(keys, key) && !HasKey(lastKeys, key);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// True if the key was released or continued to be released this frame.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static bool IsKeyUp(Key key)
+    {
+        return !HasKey(keys, key);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// True if the key was released this frame.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static bool IsKeyReleased(Key key)
+    {
+        return !HasKey(keys, key) && HasKey(lastKeys, key);
+    }
+
+    public static ReadOnlySpan<Key> GetPressedKeys()
+    {
+        return CollectionsMarshal.AsSpan(keys);
+    }
+
+    public static ReadOnlySpan<char> GetTextInput()
+    {
+        return CollectionsMarshal.AsSpan(textInput);
+    }
+
+    internal static void Update()
+    {
+        textInput.Clear();
+
+        lastKeys.Clear();
+        if (keys.Count > 0)
+        {
+            lastKeys.AddRange(keys);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static bool HasKey(List<Key> list, Key key)
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++)
+        {
+            if (keys[i] == key)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+    
+    internal static void ProcessEvent(ref SDL.SDL_Event ev)
+    {
+        switch (ev.type)
+        {
+            case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_TEXTINPUT:
+                ProcessTextInputEvent(ref ev.text);
+                break;
+            case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_KEYDOWN:
+                ProcessKeyDownEvent(ref ev.key);
+                break;
+            case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_KEYUP:
+                ProcessKeyUpEvent(ref ev.key);
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static unsafe void ProcessTextInputEvent(ref SDL.SDL_TextInputEvent evt)
+    {
+        // Based on the SDL2# LPUtf8StrMarshaler
+        int MeasureStringLength(byte* ptr)
+        {
+            int bytes;
+            for (bytes = 0; *ptr != 0; ptr += 1, bytes += 1) ;
+            return bytes;
+        }
+
+        fixed (byte* textPtr = evt.text)
+        {
+            int bytes = MeasureStringLength(textPtr);
+            if (bytes > 0)
+            {
+                /* UTF8 will never encode more characters
+                 * than bytes in a string, so bytes is a
+                 * suitable upper estimate of size needed
+                 */
+                char* charsBuffer = stackalloc char[bytes];
+                int chars = Encoding.UTF8.GetChars(
+                    textPtr,
+                    bytes,
+                    charsBuffer,
+                    bytes
+                );
+
+                if (chars > 0)
+                {
+                    textInput.AddRange(new ReadOnlySpan<char>(charsBuffer, chars));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void ProcessKeyDownEvent(ref SDL.SDL_KeyboardEvent ev)
+    {
+        Key key = ConvertScancode(ev.keysym.scancode);
+        SetKeyState(key, KeyState.Down);
+    }
+
+    private static void ProcessKeyUpEvent(ref SDL.SDL_KeyboardEvent ev)
+    {
+        Key key = ConvertScancode(ev.keysym.scancode);
+        SetKeyState(key, KeyState.Up);
+    }
+
+    public static void SetKeyState(Key key, KeyState state)
+    {
+        if (keys.Count >= maxPressedKeys)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (state == KeyState.Down)
+        {
+            if (!keys.Contains(key))
+            {
+                keys.Add(key);
+            }
+        }
+        else if (state == KeyState.Up)
+        {
+            keys.Remove(key);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Key ConvertScancode(SDL.SDL_Scancode scancode)
+    {
+        switch (scancode)
+        {
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_A: return Key.A;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_B: return Key.B;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_C: return Key.C;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_D: return Key.D;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_E: return Key.E;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F: return Key.F;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_G: return Key.G;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_H: return Key.H;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_I: return Key.I;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_J: return Key.J;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_K: return Key.K;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_L: return Key.L;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_M: return Key.M;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_N: return Key.N;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_O: return Key.O;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_P: return Key.P;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_Q: return Key.Q;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_R: return Key.R;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_S: return Key.S;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_T: return Key.T;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_U: return Key.U;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_V: return Key.V;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_W: return Key.W;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_X: return Key.X;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_Y: return Key.Y;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_Z: return Key.Z;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_1: return Key.D1;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_2: return Key.D2;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_3: return Key.D3;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_4: return Key.D4;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_5: return Key.D5;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_6: return Key.D6;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_7: return Key.D7;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_8: return Key.D8;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_9: return Key.D9;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_0: return Key.D0;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_RETURN: return Key.Enter;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_ESCAPE: return Key.Escape;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_BACKSPACE: return Key.Backspace;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_TAB: return Key.Tab;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_SPACE: return Key.Space;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_MINUS: return Key.Minus;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_EQUALS: return Key.Equals;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_LEFTBRACKET: return Key.LeftBracket;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_RIGHTBRACKET: return Key.RightBracket;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_BACKSLASH: return Key.Backslash;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_SEMICOLON: return Key.Semicolon;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_APOSTROPHE: return Key.Apostrophe;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_GRAVE: return Key.Tilde;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_COMMA: return Key.Comma;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_PERIOD: return Key.Period;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_SLASH: return Key.Slash;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_CAPSLOCK: return Key.CapsLock;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F1: return Key.F1;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F2: return Key.F2;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F3: return Key.F3;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F4: return Key.F4;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F5: return Key.F5;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F6: return Key.F6;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F7: return Key.F7;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F8: return Key.F8;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F9: return Key.F9;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F10: return Key.F10;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F11: return Key.F11;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F12: return Key.F12;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_PRINTSCREEN: return Key.PrintScreen;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_SCROLLLOCK: return Key.Scroll;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_PAUSE: return Key.Pause;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_INSERT: return Key.Insert;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_HOME: return Key.Home;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_PAGEUP: return Key.PageUp;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_DELETE: return Key.Delete;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_END: return Key.End;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_PAGEDOWN: return Key.PageDown;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_RIGHT: return Key.Right;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_LEFT: return Key.Left;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_DOWN: return Key.Down;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_UP: return Key.Up;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_NUMLOCKCLEAR: return Key.NumLock;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_KP_DIVIDE: return Key.Divide;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_KP_MULTIPLY: return Key.Multiply;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_KP_MINUS: return Key.Subtract;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_KP_PLUS: return Key.Add;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_KP_ENTER: return Key.Enter;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_KP_1: return Key.NumPad1;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_KP_2: return Key.NumPad2;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_KP_3: return Key.NumPad3;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_KP_4: return Key.NumPad4;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_KP_5: return Key.NumPad5;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_KP_6: return Key.NumPad6;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_KP_7: return Key.NumPad7;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_KP_8: return Key.NumPad8;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_KP_9: return Key.NumPad9;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_KP_0: return Key.NumPad0;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_KP_PERIOD: return Key.Period;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_APPLICATION: return Key.Apps;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_KP_EQUALS: return Key.Equals;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F13: return Key.F13;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F14: return Key.F14;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F15: return Key.F15;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F16: return Key.F16;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F17: return Key.F17;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F18: return Key.F18;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F19: return Key.F19;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F20: return Key.F20;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F21: return Key.F21;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F22: return Key.F22;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F23: return Key.F23;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_F24: return Key.F24;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_EXECUTE: return Key.Execute;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_HELP: return Key.Help;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_MENU: return Key.Apps;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_SELECT: return Key.Select;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_KP_COMMA: return Key.Comma;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_LCTRL: return Key.LeftControl;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_LSHIFT: return Key.LeftShift;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_LALT: return Key.LeftAlt;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_LGUI: return Key.LeftSuper;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_RCTRL: return Key.RightControl;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_RSHIFT: return Key.RightShift;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_RALT: return Key.RightAlt;
+            case SDL.SDL_Scancode.SDL_SCANCODE_RGUI: return Key.RightSuper;
+            default: return Key.None;
+        }
+    }
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Input/Devices/Mouse.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+using System.Numerics;
+using SDL2;
+
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime;
+
+internal static class Mouse
+{
+    public static Vector2 Position { get; private set; }
+
+    private static readonly ButtonState[] buttonStates;
+    private static readonly ButtonState[] lastButtonStates;
+    private static int wheelX;
+    private static int wheelY;
+
+    static Mouse()
+    {
+        int numButtons = Enum.GetValues<MouseButton>().Length;
+        buttonStates = new ButtonState[numButtons];
+        lastButtonStates = new ButtonState[numButtons];
+    }
+
+    /// /// <summary>
+    /// True if the button is pressed or continued to be held this frame.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static bool IsButtonDown(MouseButton button)
+    {
+        return buttonStates[(int)button] == ButtonState.Pressed;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// True if the button is pressed this frame.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static bool IsButtonPressed(MouseButton button)
+    {
+        return buttonStates[(int)button] == ButtonState.Pressed && lastButtonStates[(int)button] == ButtonState.Released;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// True if the button is released or continued to be released this frame.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="button"></param>
+    /// <returns></returns>
+    public static bool IsButtonUp(MouseButton button)
+    {
+        return buttonStates[(int)button] == ButtonState.Released;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// True if the button is released this frame.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static bool IsButtonReleased(MouseButton button)
+    {
+        return buttonStates[(int)button] == ButtonState.Released && lastButtonStates[(int)button] == ButtonState.Pressed;
+    }
+
+    public static int GetWheel()
+    {
+        return wheelY;
+    }
+
+    public static int GetWheelHorizontal()
+    {
+        return wheelX;
+    }
+
+    internal static void Update()
+    {
+        Array.Copy(buttonStates, lastButtonStates, buttonStates.Length);
+    }
+
+    internal static void ProcessEvent(ref SDL.SDL_Event ev)
+    {
+        switch (ev.type)
+        {
+            case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
+                ProcessButtonDownEvent(ref ev.button);
+                break;
+            case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_MOUSEBUTTONUP:
+                ProcessButtonUpEvent(ref ev.button);
+                break;
+            case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_MOUSEWHEEL:
+                ProcessWheelEvent(ref ev.wheel);
+                break;
+            case SDL.SDL_EventType.SDL_MOUSEMOTION:
+                ProcessMotionEvent(ref ev.motion);
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void ProcessButtonDownEvent(ref SDL.SDL_MouseButtonEvent ev)
+    {
+        if (TryConvertButton(ev.button, out MouseButton button))
+        {
+            buttonStates[(int)button] = ButtonState.Pressed;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void ProcessButtonUpEvent(ref SDL.SDL_MouseButtonEvent ev)
+    {
+        if (TryConvertButton(ev.button, out MouseButton button))
+        {
+            buttonStates[(int)button] = ButtonState.Released;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void ProcessWheelEvent(ref SDL.SDL_MouseWheelEvent ev)
+    {
+        wheelX += ev.x;
+        wheelY += ev.y;
+    }
+
+    private static void ProcessMotionEvent(ref SDL.SDL_MouseMotionEvent ev)
+    {
+        Position = new Vector2(ev.x, ev.y);
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryConvertButton(byte rawButton, out MouseButton button)
+    {
+        MouseButton? result = rawButton switch
+        {
+            (byte)SDL.SDL_BUTTON_LEFT => MouseButton.Left,
+            (byte)SDL.SDL_BUTTON_MIDDLE => MouseButton.Middle,
+            (byte)SDL.SDL_BUTTON_RIGHT => MouseButton.Right,
+            (byte)SDL.SDL_BUTTON_X1 => MouseButton.XButton1,
+            (byte)SDL.SDL_BUTTON_X2 => MouseButton.XButton2,
+            _ => null
+        };
+
+        button = result.GetValueOrDefault();
+        return result.HasValue;
+    }
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Input/GamePadAxis.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime;
+
+public enum GamePadAxis
+{
+    LeftTrigger,
+    RightTrigger,
+    LeftThumbStickX,
+    LeftThumbStickY,
+    RightThumbStickX,
+    RightThumbStickY
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Input/GamePadButton.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime;
+
+public enum GamePadButton
+{
+    Start,
+    A,
+    B,
+    X,
+    Y,
+    DPadLeft,
+    DPadRight,
+    DPadUp,
+    DPadDown,
+    RightShoulder,
+    LeftShoulder,
+    LeftStick,
+    RightStick,
+    Back,
+    BigButton
+}

Nerfed.Runtime/Input/Key.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+namespace Nerfed.Runtime;
+
+public enum Key : int // must be int32 (see KeyboardState)
+{
+	None,
+	Backspace,
+	Tab,
+	Enter,
+	CapsLock,
+	Escape,
+	Space,
+	PageUp,
+	PageDown,
+	End,
+	Home,
+	Left,
+	Up,
+	Right,
+	Down,
+	Select,
+	Execute,
+	PrintScreen,
+	Insert,
+	Delete,
+	Help,
+	D0,
+	D1,
+	D2,
+	D3,
+	D4,
+	D5,
+	D6,
+	D7,
+	D8,
+	D9,
+	A,
+	B,
+	C,
+	D,
+	E,
+	F,
+	G,
+	H,
+	I,
+	J,
+	K,
+	L,
+	M,
+	N,
+	O,
+	P,
+	Q,
+	R,
+	S,
+	T,
+	U,
+	V,
+	W,
+	X,
+	Y,
+	Z,
+	LeftSuper,
+	RightSuper,
+	Apps,
+	NumPad0,
+	NumPad1,
+	NumPad2,
+	NumPad3,
+	NumPad4,
+	NumPad5,
+	NumPad6,
+	NumPad7,
+	NumPad8,
+	NumPad9,
+	Multiply,
+	Add,
+	Separator,
+	Subtract,
+	Decimal,
+	Divide,
+	F1,
+	F2,
+	F3,
+	F4,
+	F5,
+	F6,
+	F7,
+	F8,
+	F9,
+	F10,
+	F11,
+	F12,
+	F13,
+	F14,
+	F15,
+	F16,
+	F17,
+	F18,
+	F19,
+	F20,
+	F21,
+	F22,
+	F23,
+	F24,
+	NumLock,
+	Scroll,
+	LeftShift,
+	RightShift,
+	LeftControl,
+	RightControl,
+	LeftAlt,
+	RightAlt,
+	Semicolon,
+	Equals,
+	Comma,
+	Minus,
+	Period,
+	Slash,
+	Tilde,
+	LeftBracket,
+	Backslash,
+	RightBracket,
+	Apostrophe,
+	Pause,
+
+	Count
+}